1. Nano 0.001μ UV Disinfection Toilets, landscaping, other outdoor use Micro- filtration Pretreatment Microbial Fuel Cells Hydroponic Reactors Eco-Boulevard Constructed Wetlands “Living Machine” Wastewater Treatment Cistern Decentralized UV Disinfection UV Disinfection Lake Michigan Membrane Filtration Drinking Water Treatment Dual Water System Ultra 0.01μMicro 0.1μ Coarse 1.0 μ Clarifier Overflow Recirculation Storm turbidity Water to Water: Reengineering the “Nature” of Chicago’s Water Cycle for 2107 Faucets, showers, dishwashers, washing machines Green Roofs Nano 0.001μ UV Disinfection Toilets, landscaping, other outdoor use Micro- filtration Pretreatment Microbial Fuel Cells Hydroponic Reactors Eco-Boulevard Constructed Wetlands “Living Machine” Wastewater Treatment Cistern Decentralized UV Disinfection UV Disinfection Lake Michigan Membrane Filtration Drinking Water Treatment Dual Water System Ultra 0.01μ Micro 0.1μ Coarse 1.0 μ Clarifier Overflow Recirculation Storm turbidity Water to Water: Reengineering the “Nature” of Chicago’s Water Cycle for 2107 Faucets, showers, dishwashers, washing machines Green Roofs

2. Water recovery & reuse (dual H 2 O System) Energy recovery (MFCs) Resource recovery (hydroponics) Renewable energy (wetlands, green roofs) Energy Benefits

3. Closing the Loop 2007: Chicago withdraws 2.1 BG/day out of Lake Michigan TARP (Deep Tunnel) System increases capacity of current system – 18 BG 2107: Innovative water system allows safe closure of loop Storm water management & better design = no need for TARP

4. Food Biogas (CH 4 ) Liquid Biofuels Heat (thermal energy) Used Water Hydroponics Urban Agriculture Wetlands Biomass Municipal Waste Lignocellulosic Materials Water + Nutrients Biomass Food Production Waste Used Water Urban Biorefinery Platform Chemicals Combined Heat & Power Aquaponics Food Energy-Water-Waste-Material/Food Cycle Feasible at what Scale & Econ. Conditions ?

5. Organic Municipal Waste Lignocellulosic Material Intermediate Feedstock Product Water + Nutrients Liquid Biofuels Platform Chemicals Cellulose Hemicellulose Acidogenesis MEC AD Used Water MES Separation Lignin Heat (Thermal Energy) Carboxylates Oxidative Depolymerization Enzymatic Treatment/ Fermentation H2O2H2O2 Separation/p urification Biogas (CH 4 ) Aromatics Chemo- Catalysis Biorefinery Carbohydrates Ethanol Split Point

6. NYC & Climate Readiness NYC has 520 miles of coastline Storm surge of Sandy – 17’ According to a team of experts in New York, coastal waters are expected to rise some six inches per decade, rising at least two feet by the middle of the century, Armor city & find Extreme Engineering solution - Sea walls as in Netherlands and Venice - $10B Resilience strategy – “soften” shoreline, restore marshes Difficult to muster support when benefits seem distant and uncertain - Will Sandy change this attitude? http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/05/how-cities-plan-to-keep-the-sea-at-bay-in-an-age-of-climate- change/?ref=hurricanesandtropicalstorms

7. Rising Currents - ARO

8. Missed Opportunity http://www.salon.com/2014/05/11/the_golden_opportunity_our_cities_are_missing/?source=newsletter Hollow blocks – in NYC 60% of 3000 city blocks hollow (housing grouped around empty middle space); 1.5 acres Parks, gardens, wild patches (biodiversity), stormwater

9. Building with Nature To Control Floods, The Dutch Turn to Nature for Inspiration – ADAPTATION Sand Engine Project - a 28 million-cubic-yard heap of sand along the coast of Holland that will be rearranged by ocean currents and fortify a 12-mile buffer to protect the coastline "Smart Dike" -embedded sensors that relay real-time status reports on the condition of the dike to decision makers. Early notice of a developing problem could give officials time to make repairs or enable residents to evacuate in advance http://e360.yale.edu/feature/to_control_floods_the_dutch_turn_to_nature_for_inspiration/2621/

10. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Ulaanbaatar’s air pollution comes from many sources: – dust from the desert, unpaved roads and open soil surfaces, lack of vegetation, ash and emissions from coal stoves, power plants, boilers, and vehicles… -coal and wood burning by the 175,000 households in ger areas for cooking and heating - severe wintertime problem – summer air pollution much less How to reduce air pollution in capital city? http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/12/15633946/air-quality-analysis-ulaanbaatar-improving-air-quality-reduce-health-impacts-vol-1-2-main-report

11. Ecologically Sound City: All sustainability is local (landscape, resources, heritage, etc.) Greater reliance on nature–functional green space Rediscovery of old, passive strategies Technologies in place, but need to be more efficient, miniaturized, integrated / coupled and adapted to renewable energy sources & smart systems, bio- inspired Metrics – need to way to measure & compare sustainable options (0000ll Capitalize on principles of ecological cycling Solaire Building, Battery Park