1. Motivation
Prof. Dr. Ramez N. Bedwani

2. Outcome Setting goals are important in provoking motives.
Motives are important to achieve a successful life.

3. Definition
Classification
Dimensions
Provocation of motives
Motivation in clinical practice

4. Definition
A motive is an internal state or set of the individual which disposes him towards certain mode of behaviour for seeking certain goals
Motivation refers to the driving and pulling forces which result in persistent behaviour directed toward particular goals
Motives are powerful tools for the explanation of behaviour and they allow us to make predictions about future behaviour

5. Classification Motives can be innate or acquired
Innate motives are characterized by being:
1-Universal : found in all members of the species
2-Permanent:Found(active or inactive)all the time
3-Present since birth

6. However, the separation between innate motive & other motive is not very well delineated
Classification of motives go along different dimensions

7. Dimensions
I-Biological motives II-Social motives

8. 1-Biological motives such as: hunger thirst and sex
Have their origin in the physiological state of the body
These motives can be aroused by changes of the balanced levels of body processes

9. II-Social motives
These are motives mainly stimulated and perpetuated by social stimuli and habits, eg.:
the need for achievement
need for power
and possibly human aggression
These are mostly learned motives

10. Example:
1-The need to belong
2-The need for achievement
3-Power motivation
4-Motives to know and to be effective

11. 1-The need to belong
Man has some basic need to belong to other human fellows
The circle of belonging increases from the family → the school / work society → the club or political party → the nation as a whole and so on

12. 2- The need for achievement
This is a motive to accomplish things and to be successful in performing tasks
People driven by this motive are persistent in their work, seek more challenging tasks and like to work in situations where they have some control over the outcome
The level of achievement motivation in a society can be related to its economic growth

13. 3- Power motivation
A social motive in which the goals are to influence, control, lead, charm others and enhance one’s own reputation in the eyes of other people
The behavioural expression of power motivation takes many forms such as:

14. Forms of Power motivation:
I- Impulsive and overtly aggressive actions: This is rather abnormal except in justified situations such as war time or self defense 2- Participation in competitive sports: This sometimes considered as sublimation of aggression

15. 3- Joining of organizations:
Here the power is achieved by belonging to(& consequently possessing)the power of the whole group
4- Collection of possessions:
Here power is related to the increased authority and potentiality enabled by the fortune possessed or money collected

16. 5- Association with people who are not particularly popular:
Apart from some gang collection in the adolescent, this form of satisfying power motive could → to eccentrism and group delinquency
6- Choice of occupations which have a high impact on others:
Certain occupations implies in its nature authority. Political leadership is a direct way of expressing power and in Egypt the physician role still represents dignified authoritative role

17. 7- Heavy and strenuous sports as:
weight lifting
boxing
wrestling
body-building
8- Exploiting others in a deceptive fashion

18. Provocation of motives can be done through
Every aspect of life, needs motivation as the fuel to performance & achievement
In education
In training for competitive sport
and in moving toward health
it is needed to push / provoke motivation

19. This could be achieved through the following:
I- Defining the final goal as an ultimate clear purpose
2- Then defining the intermediate goals which will lead ultimately to the final:
(The more the goal is near and clear, the more the motive is strong
3- Establishment of confidant relations between leader and subordinates related to the common goal

20. 4-Supplying adequate and enough equipment & facilities:
5- Establishment of fair competition (but exaggerated competition can block motivation)

21. 6- Elimination of interfering motives / factors
Motives are often blocked or frustrated by:
other contradictory motives
environmental factors
personal factors / conflict
Elimination of all such factors would provoke the proper motivation towards certain goals

22. Motivation in clinical practice
It is very important to put in consideration that the patient has a role in recovery
The physician should be keen to arouse +ve interest in health Hope is another motive & is related to some optimistic attitude of life
Motivating a mother to follow health rules for herself and children is another field where motivation can work

23. Quiz
I-Provocation of motives can be done through all of the following except:
a) Defining a final goal as an ultimate clear purpose
b) Defining intermediate goals
c) Elimination of interfering motives / factors
d) Aggressive actions

24. II-All of the following is true about social motives except:
a) Stimulated and perpetuated by social stimuli and habits
b) They are mostly learned
c) They include the need for achievement
d) They include Thirst & Hunger

25. عبد الله وجيه عبد الرؤوف احمد عزيزه حسين عبد الحافظ حسين
Assignment
Define a final and intermediate goals for your life & how to provoke your motives to achieve them.
عبد الله وجيه عبد الرؤوف احمد
عزيزه حسين عبد الحافظ حسين
علا حازم علي حسن
علا محمد محمود عطيه عسل
علي السيد علي بدوي
علي عصام علي البحيصي

26. Assignment Personality disorders Team Motivation علي محمد سليم محمد
عماد رمسيس سمعان سليمان داود
عمر محمد حسن ابراهيم محمد السوسي
عمر محمد هاني محمد فايز
Team Motivation
عمرو عادل عوض عبد الونيس عطيان
عمرو عبد المنعم احمد عبد العاطي
عمرو محمد صلاح الدين خلف الله خلف
عمرو محمد محمد عبد الحميد يونس