1. Unit 6: Causes of the Civil War Through Reconstruction Chapter 14: A Violent Choice – Civil War, 1861-1865

2. The Union & Confederacy, 1861

3. Northern Advantages Wealthy – better able to finance the war Strong industrial base Larger population Superior Navy Extensive railroad network

4. Southern Advantages Vast in size, making it difficult to conquer Fought a defensive war on its home territory Group of experienced & skilled military commanders

5. North vs. South

6. Immigrants as a % of a State’s Population in 1860

7. Resources: North and South

8. Railroad Lines, 1860

9. Union Strategies Anaconda Plan Naval blockade to shut out supplies from Europe; eventually was effective Campaign to take the Mississippi River, which would split the South in two The taking of several strategic points, which would require huge armies to apply pressure on the Confederacy

10. The Anaconda Plan

11. The Diplomatic Front Southerners thought that the British & French, driven by their desire for cotton, would intervene on the South’s behalf Confederates prohibited the export of cotton in order to hasten British & French intervention British were successful in finding alternative sources of cotton British public opinion opposed slavery

12. The Diplomatic Front Northern leaders took a hard line warning Europeans not to interfere Europeans remained neutral

13. The Diplomatic Front The Trent Incident Nov. 1861 Union leaders stopped the British ship, Trent, & removed Confederate emissaries British were outraged, viewing it as a violation of their rights on the seas Lincoln peacefully resolved the situation

14. Battle of Antietam: Bloodiest Day of the War September 17, 1862 23,000 casualties First major battle fought on Union territory (Maryland) Ended in a draw, but Confederates retreated Gave Lincoln confidence to issue the E.P.

15. The Emancipation Proclamation “Freed” the slaves in the South, but not in the border states Strengthened the north’s moral cause Helped rally anti-slavery support in Europe

16. Emancipation in 1863

17. The Union & Blacks/Slaves The initial purpose of the war was to “save the Union” The idea of ending slavery was difficult for Lincoln Racism in the North Border states were slave states Slavery was constitutional Re-election in 1864? Summer 1862 Congress authorized A-As to fight in the armed forces By issuing the E.P., slavery became the official cause of the war

18. African Americans in Civil War Battles

19. The 54 th Massachusetts First black regiment recruited in the North Protested unequal pay Lead the assault on Battery Wagner in Charleston Harbor but lost (July 1863) Proved that blacks could fight The 54 th Massachusetts Infantry attacking Fort Wagner July, 1863

20. Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863) Lee attempted but failed to invade the North; victory by the south would have ended the war Union soldiers won the 3-day battle, but casualties were high

21. The Gettysburg Address Lincoln’s address at the dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery, Nov. 19, 1863 Lincoln & others assembled here to dedicate a plot of land that would become a soldier’s cemetery

22. Instituting the Draft Initially, the North relied on volunteers, but few volunteered by 1863 Congress passed the first Conscription Act in 1863 The rich hired substitutes to go in their place & paid $300 With the burden of the war falling on the urban poor, many protested the draft & became violent – New York City Draft Riots (July 1863)

23. NYC Draft Riots July 13-16, 1863

24. Election of 1864

25. Sherman’s March to the Sea After capturing Atlanta, General Sherman began a “scorched-earth” campaign with an objective of reaching Savannah Destroyed industry, infrastructure, & civilian property Plantations were burned, crops destroyed, & stores of food pillaged Beginning of the end for the Confederacy

26. End of the War Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox on April 9, 1865

27. Casualties of the War

28. Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

29. Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress Morrill Tariff Act – 1861 Homestead Act – 1862 Legal Tender Act – 1862 Morrill Land Grant College Act – 1862 Pacific Railway Act - 1863