1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. reservation – specific area set aside by the federal government for the Indians’ use Sand Creek Massacre – 1864 incident in which a Colorado militia killed a camp of unarmed Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians Sitting Bull – Sioux chief respected as a fighter and spiritual leader Battle of the Little Big Horn – 1876 battle in which the Sioux defeated American troops led by Colonel George Custer Chief Joseph – leader of the Nez Percés who surrendered after trying to lead a group of Indian refugees to Canada Wounded Knee – 1890 confrontation between U.S. cavalry and the Sioux that marked the end of Indian resistance in the Ghost Dance War assimilate – to adopt the culture and civilization of the dominant group in a society Dawes General Allotment Act – 1887 law that divided reservation land into private family plots

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. 8.2 Native American Struggles

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. How did the pressures of westward expansion impact Native Americans? reservation – specific area set aside by the federal government for the Indians’ use Compare the ways Native Americans and white settlers viewed and used the land. Describe the conflicts between white settlers and Indians. Evaluate the impact of the Indian Wars.

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Two other crises also threatened Native American civilizations. Disease Loss of the buffalo Settlers introduced diseases to which Indians had no immunity. Settlers slaughtered buffalo herds.

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Some Native Americans fought to defend their lands. At the Sand Creek Massacre, a Colorado militia killed an unarmed camp of Indians who were under U.S. Army protection. But attacks & retaliation led to distrust—and to tragedy. Promises were made and peace treaties were signed, but they often were broken. Sand Creek Massacre – 1864 incident in which a Colorado militia killed a camp of unarmed Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Frustration turned to violence as the gov’t. moved to crush Indian resistance. The Red River War led to the defeat of the Southern Plains Indians. Chief Joseph – leader of the Nez Percés who surrendered after trying to lead a group of Indian refugees to Canada Battle of the Little Big Horn–1876 battle in which the Sioux defeated US troops led by Colonel George Custer

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. As their way of life slipped away, some Indians turned to a religious revival based on the Ghost Dance. Fearful of insurrection, government officials tried to ban the practice. The ritual preached that white settlers would be banished and the buffalo would return. Sitting Bull – Sioux chief respected as a fighter & spiritual leader

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. More than 100 Indians who fled were killed at Wounded Knee: 1890 confrontation between U.S. & the Sioux ending the Indian’s Ghost Dance War In an effort to end the Ghost Dance, the gov’t attempted to arrest Sitting Bull, in the arrest he was killed. The Indian Wars were over.

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Native Americans were forced to assimilate: to adopt the culture & civilization of the dominant group in a society Though they had been pushed onto reservations where their native cultures were banned, some insisted on boarding schools to be “like all other Americans.” Before and after entering Carlisle Indian School

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Replaced the reservation system with an allotment system: Granted each Indian family their own plot of land Specified the land could not be sold for 25 years Congress passed the Dawes General Allotment Act to encourage assimilation. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQDkefN5-bk Dawes General Allotment Act – 1887 law that divided reservation land into private family plots

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Using the handout, answer the following questions: 1. Why does the warrior Chief Joseph suddenly decide to stop fighting? 2. What are the living conditions of the Nez Perce? 3. What happened when the Nez Perce were ordered to a reservation? Were they successful? 4. Do you agree with Chief Joseph’s surrender? Why or why not?