1. Warm-Up: describe this painting

2. Fulfilling Manifest Destiny
Westward Expansion
Fulfilling Manifest Destiny

3. Moving West Push Factors Pull Factors Civil War displaced persons:
farmers, former slaves and others
Available farm land
Religious repression
Open spaces sheltered outlaws
Private Property
Morrill Land Grant
Land to railroads
Homestead Act 1862
160 acres land free if you were 21 years old or heads of families; built a house, lived on it 6 months; and farm for 5 years in a row

4. Settlers believed that they had a right to the western land because they produced more food and wealth than the Native Americans
Immigrants went west for cheap land and new jobs
Exodusters were ex-slaves who moved west to escape racial violence in the South and to make a new beginning and farming was the skill most already knew

5. First removal was the Trail of Tears 1832
The Native Americans
First removal was the Trail of Tears 1832

6. Came from many diverse cultures but shared common view toward nature
Native Americans saw themselves as part of nature and viewed nature as sacred
Many white Americans viewed the land as a resource to produce wealth
Native Americans and the settlers had very differing
concepts of land ownership

7. During the 1800s, the government carried out a policy of moving Indians out of the way of white settlers, encouraging attempts to take Native American lands
At first, Indians in the East were moved west, into the Indian Territory of the Plains.
Frontier settlers continued pushing west, pressuring the government to open Indian Territory.
Indians were forced into reservations, no longer free to roam the Plains.

8. Two other crises also threatened Native American civilizations.
Settlers introduced diseases to which Indians had no immunity.
Disease
Settlers slaughtered buffalo herds.
Loss of the buffalo
As more and more settlers moved west, the
Native American tribes were weakened or destroyed. 8

9. Some Native Americans fought to defend their lands.
The Sand Creek
Massacre saw an unarmed camp of Indians under the U.S. Army protection killed by Colorado militia.
But attacks and retaliation led to distrust—and to tragedy.
Promises were made and peace treaties were signed, but they often were broken. 9

10. Frustration turned to violence as the government moved to crush Indian resistance.
The Red River War led to the defeat of the Southern Plains Indians.
The Sioux were victorious at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
Chief Joseph and the Nez Percés surrendered after attempting to retreat to Canada. 10

11. As their way of life slipped away, some Indians turned to a religious revival based on the Ghost Dance.
The ritual preached that white settlers would be banished and the buffalo would return.
Fearful of insurrection, government officials tried to ban the practice.

12. However, he was killed in a confrontation with U.S. troops.
In an effort to end the Ghost Dance, the government attempted to arrest Sitting Bull.
However, he was killed in a confrontation with U.S. troops.
More than 100 Indians who fled were killed at Wounded Knee.
The Indian Wars were over. 12

13. Some critics attacked government policies and defended the Indians’ way of life.
Most leaders, however, hoped that Native Americans would assimilate into American life, becoming “civilized” and adopting white culture.

14. The Indian Right’s Movement would grow out of outrage
In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes General Allotment Act to encourage assimilation.
Replaced the reservation system with an allotment system
Granted each Indian family its own plot of land
Specified the land could not be sold for 25 years
The Indian Right’s Movement would grow out of outrage
because of the way the government treated
the Native Americans

15. Activity:
In The White Man’s Image video & questions