1. Making Sense of Smells A Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes Douglas W. Hamilton Waste Management Specialist Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

2. Odors need not be so mysterious … 1.They have structure 2.They are measurable

3. Odor Measurement How does it smell? How Long? How Much? How Strong?

4. Odor Measurement How does it smell? How Long? How Much? How Strong? Character

5. Odor Measurement How does it smell? How Long? How Much? How Strong? Character Persistence

6. Odor Measurement How does it smell? How Long? How Much? How Strong? Character Persistence Concentration

7. Odor Measurement How does it smell? How Long? How Much? How Strong? Character Persistence Concentration Intensity

8. NotesOdors Character Persistence Concentration Intensity Measuring Notes and Odors

9. NotesOdors CharacterVerbal Description Persistence Concentration Intensity Measuring Notes and Odors

10. Character Organic Acids Acetic Acid Propionic Acid Butanoic Acid Iso-Valeric Acid Pentanoic Acid Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones Methanol Formaldehyde Acetone Methyl Ethyl Ketone Nitrogen Compounds Ammonia Methyl amine Dimethyl amine Diethyl amine Indole Skatole Phenolic Compounds Phenol p-Cresol Sulfuric Compounds Hydrogen Sulfide Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide Diethyl sulfide

11. Character Organic Acids Acetic Acid Propionic Acid Butanoic Acid Iso-Valeric Acid Pentanoic Acid Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones Methanol Formaldehyde Acetone Methyl Ethyl Ketone Nitrogen Compounds Ammonia Methyl amine Dimethyl amine Diethyl amine Indole Skatole Phenolic Compounds Phenol p-Cresol Sulfuric Compounds Hydrogen Sulfide Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide Diethyl sulfide

12. Character Organic Acids Acetic Acid Propionic Acid Butanoic Acid Iso-Valeric Acid Pentanoic Acid Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones Methanol Formaldehyde Acetone Methyl Ethyl Ketone Nitrogen Compounds Ammonia Methyl amine Dimethyl amine Diethyl amine Indole Skatole Phenolic Compounds Phenol p-Cresol Sulfuric Compounds Hydrogen Sulfide Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide Diethyl sulfide

13. Character Organic Acids Acetic Acid Propionic Acid Butanoic Acid Iso-Valeric Acid Pentanoic Acid Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones Methanol Formaldehyde Acetone Methyl Ethyl Ketone Nitrogen Compounds Ammonia Methyl amine Dimethyl amine Diethyl amine Indole Skatole Phenolic Compounds Phenol p-Cresol Sulfuric Compounds Hydrogen Sulfide Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide Diethyl sulfide

14. Character Organic Acids Acetic Acid Propionic Acid Butanoic Acid Iso-Valeric Acid Pentanoic Acid Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones Methanol Formaldehyde Acetone Methyl Ethyl Ketone Nitrogen Compounds Ammonia Methyl amine Dimethyl amine Diethyl amine Indole Skatole Phenolic Compounds Phenol p-Cresol Sulfuric Compounds Hydrogen Sulfide Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide Diethyl sulfide

15. Character Organic Acids Acetic Acid Propionic Acid Butanoic Acid Iso-Valeric Acid Pentanoic Acid Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones Methanol Formaldehyde Acetone Methyl Ethyl Ketone Nitrogen Compounds Ammonia Methyl amine Dimethyl amine Diethyl amine Indole Skatole Phenolic Compounds Phenol p-Cresol Sulfuric Compounds Hydrogen Sulfide Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide Diethyl sulfide

16. NotesOdors Character Verbal DescriptionOffensiveness Persistence Odor Chord Concentration Intensity Measuring Notes and Odors

17. NotesOdors Character Verbal Description Persistence Top Note Middle Note Base Note Odor Chord Concentration Intensity Measuring Notes and Odors

18. Persistence Top NotesMiddle NotesBase Notes Hydrogen Sulfide Ammonia Aldehydes Alcohols Ketones Amines Mercaptans Short Organic Sulfides Organic Acids Phenolic Compounds Indole Skatole Long Organic Sulfides

19. Persistence Top NotesMiddle NotesBase Notes Hydrogen Sulfide Ammonia Aldehydes Alcohols Ketones Amines Mercaptans Short Organic Sulfides Organic Acids Phenolic Compounds Indole Skatole Long Organic Sulfides

20. Persistence Top NotesMiddle NotesBase Notes Hydrogen Sulfide Ammonia Aldehydes Alcohols Ketones Amines Mercaptans Short Organic Sulfides Organic Acids Phenolic Compounds Indole Skatole Long Organic Sulfides

21. Persistence Top NotesMiddle NotesBase Notes Hydrogen Sulfide Ammonia Aldehydes Alcohols Ketones Amines Mercaptans Short Organic Sulfides Organic Acids Phenolic Compounds Indole Skatole Long Organic Sulfides

22. Persistence Top NotesMiddle NotesBase Notes Hydrogen Sulfide Ammonia Aldehydes Alcohols Ketones Amines Mercaptans Short Organic Sulfides Organic Acids Phenolic Compounds Indole Skatole Long Organic Sulfides

23. Persistence Top NotesMiddle NotesBase Notes Hydrogen Sulfide Ammonia Aldehydes Alcohols Ketones Amines Mercaptans Short Organic Sulfides Organic Acids Phenolic Compounds Indole Skatole Long Organic Sulfides

24. Persistence Top NotesMiddle NotesBase Notes Hydrogen Sulfide Ammonia Aldehydes Alcohols Ketones Amines Mercaptans Short Organic Sulfides Organic Acids Phenolic Compounds Indole Skatole Long Organic Sulfides

25. Persistence Top NotesMiddle NotesBase Notes Hydrogen Sulfide Ammonia Aldehydes Alcohols Ketones Amines Mercaptans Short Organic Sulfides Organic Acids Phenolic Compounds Indole Skatole Long Organic Sulfides

26. Persistence Top NotesMiddle NotesBase Notes Hydrogen Sulfide Ammonia Aldehydes Alcohols Ketones Amines Mercaptans Short Organic Sulfides Organic Acids Phenolic Compounds Indole Skatole Long Organic Sulfides

27. Persistence Top NotesMiddle NotesBase Notes Hydrogen Sulfide Ammonia Aldehydes Alcohols Ketones Amines Mercaptans Short Organic Sulfides Organic Acids Phenolic Compounds Indole Skatole Long Organic Sulfides

28. Persistence Top NotesMiddle NotesBase Notes Hydrogen Sulfide Ammonia Aldehydes Alcohols Ketones Amines Mercaptans Short Organic Sulfides Organic Acids Phenolic Compounds Indole Skatole Long Organic Sulfides NH 3

29. Persistence Top NotesMiddle NotesBase Notes Hydrogen Sulfide Ammonia Aldehydes Alcohols Ketones Amines Mercaptans Short Organic Sulfides Organic Acids Phenolic Compounds Indole Skatole Long Organic Sulfides NH 3 H 3 C-NH-CH 3

30. Persistence Top NotesMiddle NotesBase Notes Hydrogen Sulfide Ammonia Aldehydes Alcohols Ketones Amines Mercaptans Short Organic Sulfides Organic Acids Phenolic Compounds Indole Skatole Long Organic Sulfides NH 3 H 3 C-NH-CH 3 N CH 3

31. NotesOdors Character Verbal Description Persistence Top Note Middle Note Base Note Odor Chord Concentration Detection Level Recognition Level Intensity Measuring Notes and Odors

32. NH 3 Recognition Level = 37,000 ppb

33. NH 3 Detection Level = 17 ppb

34. NH 3 Acute Hazard = 50,000 to 100,000 ppb

35. NH 3 Chronic Exposure = 25,000 ppb