1. Demo Time KI Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide
2H2O2  2H2O + O2 + HEAT!

2. Follow Up Questions Answer on a sheet of notebook paper:
Describe what happened in this demonstration.
Was this an endothermic or exothermic reaction?
What was the catalyst in this reaction?
What 2 products caused the dramatic “smoke”?
What type of reaction is this?
Synthesis, decomposition or replacement

3. Precipitate Reactions
If the ions in 2 solutions combine to form a solid and that solid is NOT soluble with the solvent produced a precipitate will form.
 Example
Fe(NO3)3(aq) + 3 NaOH(aq)  Fe(OH)3(s) + 3 NaNO3(aq)

4. Demo Time
Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq)  Cu(OH)2(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq)

5. Follow Up Questions Answer on a sheet of notebook paper:
Describe what happened in this demonstration.
What is a precipitate?
What type of reaction is this?
Synthesis, decomposition or replacement

6. Balancing Equations
All atoms of reactants must be account for after the reaction!

7. Acids Produce H+ ions in H2O Ex: HCl  H+ + Cl- Properties:
Tastes sour
Corrosive reaction w/metal
Reacts w/CO32- to make CO2
Turns blue litmus paper red

8. Examples of Acids HCl – hydrochloric acid
CH3CO2H – acetic acid (vinegar)
H2SO4 – sulfuric acid
Ascorbic Acid – Vitamin C (citrus)
Fertilizers –
Nitric & Phosphoric Acid
Lactic Acid

9. Bases Tastes bitter feels slippery Turns red litmus paper blue
Produce OH- ions in H2O
Ex: NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-
Tastes bitter
feels slippery
Turns red litmus paper blue

10. Examples of Bases NaHCO3 – baking soda household cleaners including:
NH3- ammonia
Drain Cleaner

11. Strength
The strength of an acid or a base is based on how well it produces ions in water.
Strong Acids – HCl & H2SO4
Strong Bases - NaOH

12. Measuring Strength pH = Potential Hydrogen
Range of values from 0 to 14 that describes the concentration of H+ ions in a substance.

14. Safety Know the pH (strength) of the acid or base you are handling.
Everything from 2-12 is in the safe zone.

15. Precautions
When working with a strong acid or base (0-2 or 11-14) be sure to wear goggles…even if it’s a dilute solution!
For spills-
Pour vinegar on a base & sodium bicarbonate on an acid…because…

17. Acid Base Neutralization
Displacement reaction
Acid + Base 
(liquid) water +(solid) salt
Salt = Group 1-2 Metal + a halogen

18. Demo Time NaHCO3 + NaOH  Na2CO3 + H2O
Put the litmus in the NaOH and in a baking soda solution. Then add the 2 together to do the neutralization and then test again.

19. Chemicals Everywhere Chemistry all around us: Beauty products
Cleaning products
Food products
Scents & flavors
Monitoring the environment
Containers
Protection
Explosives

20. Materials
We use the following materials on a regular basis, they are made of various substances that we’ve been studying lately:
Plastics
Metals
Alloys
Ceramics
Glass

21. Chemistry Around Us Beauty products Cleaning products Food products
Scents & flavors
Monitoring the environment
Containers
Protection
Explosives
Fuels

22. Polymers
Large complex molecules made from smaller molecules joined together in a repeating pattern (chain).
They are both naturally occurring & synthetic.
Organic chemistry

23. Forming Polymers

24. Carbon Structures
Polymers are mainly composed of various configurations of Carbon (C) & Hydrogen (H)
Butane C4h10 (lighter fluid) BENZENE C6H6 (crude oil)

25. Natural Polymers Cellulose – cell walls of fruits & vegetables
Starches – pasta, bread & vegetables
Natural fibers – hair, wool
Amino Acids  Protein DNA!

26. Synthetic Polymers Plastics MANY types (see p.731)
Fibers – carpets, nylon
Chewing gum
Teflon coating

27. Plastics Benefits: Cheap & easy to make Lightweight Versatile Durable
Problems:
Disposal
Recycling is cost prohibitive 

28. Alloys
A mixture of 2 or more elements at least one of which is a metal.
Alloys are usually stronger & more durable than the metals which they are made from. They are also less likely to suffer corrosion from oxidation.

29. Examples Sterling silver – Ag & Cu Gold – Au &/or Cu
Pewter – Sn, Sb, Cu, Pb*
Brass – Cu, Zn
Steel – Fe, Cr, Ni, C

30. Ceramics
Hard, crystalline solids made from heating clay (water & minerals – Si, AL & O) to very high temperatures.

31. Properties Water resistant Strong building material - bricks
Not conductive of electricity
Can withstand much higher temperatures than most metals
Brittle & prone to breaking

32. Uses Containers Storage Cookware
Archaeologists use ceramic sherds for relative dating!
Home construction – roofs & floors
Replace joints – hips, knees, teeth (dentures)

33. Glass
Molten sand & limestone can be shaped and cooled into waterproof vessels.

34. Uses Storage Containers Windows
Lenses for eyeglasses, telescopes, microscopes
Cookware
Data transmission (optical fiber)