1. Strengths and Naming of Acids + Bases What is a strong acid/base? What is a weak acid/base? Naming Acids + Bases

2. Strength depends on … how much acid/base ionizes in water refers to how many particles actually dissociate in water Watch Links!

3. STRONG ACIDS Completely ionize in water HCl H 2 SO 4

4. WEAK ACIDS SLIGHTLY ionize in water Acetic Acid (vinegar) = HC 2 H 3 O 2

5. STRONG BASES dissociate into metal ions and hydroxide ions NaOH, Ca(OH) 2, Al(OH) 3

6. WEAK BASES React with water to form hydroxide and conjugate NH 3

7. NEUTRALIZATION REACTION This is how pure salts are made in the lab setting.

9. Naming Bases name of the first element plus hydroxide except Ammonia (NH 3 ) Sodium Hydroxide - NaOH Potassium Hydroxide - KOH Ammonium Hydroxide - NH 4 OH Calcium Hydroxide - Ca(OH) 2 Magnesium Hydroxide - Mg(OH) 2 Barium Hydroxide - Ba(OH) 2 Aluminum Hydroxide - Al(OH) 3 Lithium Hydroxide - LiOH

10. Naming Acids To Name Acids with Simple Anions: The first part of the name uses the prefix hydro. This is followed by a the name of the simple anion, which is shortened and - ic added – for example: chlorine (Cl-) would become chloric The last part of the name is the word acid Hydrofluoric Acid - HF Hydrochloric Acid - HCl Hydrobromic Acid - HBr Hydroiodic Acid - HI Hydrosulfuric Acid - H 2 S

11. Naming Acids To Name Acids with polyatomic anions: The first part of the name is the name of the anion which is shortened. One of two suffixes added to this name. – ic if the anion name ends in – ate – ous if the anion name ends in – ite The last part of the name is acid Nitric Acid - HNO 3 Nitrous Acid - HNO 2 Sulfuric Acid - H 2 SO 4 Sulfurous Acid - H 2 SO 3 Phosphoric Acid - H 3 PO 4 Phosphorous Acid - H 3 PO 3

12. Writing Acid Formulas Determine the anion present from the name. – Since the compound is an acid the cation ( positive ion ) is H + – Write down the formulas of the two ions. Make the value of the charge on the negative ion the subscript on the hydrogen ion Example: Sulfuric Acid sulfuric ------> sulfate --------> SO 4 2- acid -------> hydrogen --------> H +1 PUT TOGETHER and CRISS CROSS Formula ---> H 2 SO 4