1. Aniline and Ammonia at Buffalo Color Mark Witinski George Tulevski Rick Nichols Dave Seymour

2. Buffalo Color Corporation n Located on Lee St. and South Park Rd. n Good standing in the Seneca Babcock community. n Produces various dyes. n Sole producer of indigo dye in North America.

3. Aniline n Aniline/Benzeneamine (C 6 H 5 NH 2 ) is essential in the production of indigo. –Semi-volatile organic –Moderate irritant and toxin –Proven to cause cancer in lab animals – Decomposed rapidly by light (t 1/2 =6hrs.)

4. Ammonia (NH 3 ) n Emitted from plant as by-product of production –Severe irritant of eyes, skin, throat –Prolonged exposure may cause serious respiratory problems

5. Sample Collection Design Plant Offices Blank Sample Lee Street Please note photos of this site found at: http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~gardella/sbtour.htm

6. Sampling Method: Aniline n NIOSH Method No. P&Cam 127. n Useful Range 1-10ppm. n Equipment –Personal Sampling Pumps (5) –Tygon tubing –Silica Gel Sampling Tubes (9)

7. n Pumps calibrated to approx. 1L/min flow rate. n Operated for 20 minutes. n Sample tubes were capped and stored on dry ice. n Workup conducted same day –Extracted with ethanol –Placed in GCMS

8. Sampling Method: Ammonia n NIOSH Method P&Cam No. 205. n Useful range.20mg-1.6mg NH 3 per 20L air. n Equipment –Personal air sampling pumps (5) –Impinger (4) – Volumetric flasks (5) –.1M sulfuric acid –UV/Vis instrument –Nessler reagent

9. n Impinger connected to pump using tubing. n 20L air pulled through impinger containing 100mL sulfuric acid. n Acid containing NH 3 poured into volumetric flask. n.10mL Nessler added to each sample n Samples put in cuvettes and ran through UV/Vis

10. Calibration: Aniline

11. Results: Aniline n No detectable Aniline in any of nine samples n Possible Reasons: –No aniline emission from factory –Aniline experiences rapid photodegradation n OSHA exposure limit: 5ppm –IDLH: 100ppm

12. Calibration: Ammonia

13. Results: Ammonia n At hydrant no detectable ammonia n At bus stop 1.242 ppm detected n At flagpole.039 ppm detected n Blank Sample (2 blocks away outside wind path) -- no ammonia detected

14. Ammonia Conclusions n Levels not considered dangerous n OSHA Standards: 50ppm exposure limit –IDLH: 300ppm n Possible reasons for no detection at hydrant –Smokestack high with hydrant close by (approx. 50M)

15. References n OSHA Code of Federal Regulations (29,1910.1000) n NIOSH Methods –No. P&Cam 127 –No. P&Cam 205