1. PH ALL THE NEAT DETAILS ON IT

2. WHAT IS PH? The pH scale is a number scale used for measuring how acidic or basic a solution is FYI: pH stands for the potential hydrogen [H] +

3. THE PH SCALE The pH scale runs from 0  14 0  7 is ACIDIC 7  14 is BASIC 7 is neutral

4. MORE PH SCALE Each unit of change represents a 10 times change in the degree of acidity or basicity In other words, if tomatoes have a pH of 4 and grapes have a pH of 3, then that means that grapes are 10 times more acidic than tomatoes If baking soda has a pH of 9 and bleach has a pH of 12, then bleach is 1,000 times more acidic than baking soda

5. EXAMPLE How much more acidic are bananas than milk? 10x How much more basic is ammonia than oven cleaner? 100x How much more acidic are lemons than water? 100,000x How much more basic are eggs than soap? 100x

6. RECOGNIZING ACIDS Acids are any solution with a pH of LESS THAN 7 Chemical formulas for acids are usually written with an H on the left side of the formula Example: HCl (hydrochloric acid), H 2 SO 4 (sulfuric acid) Acids form hydrogen (H + ) ions when they dissolve in water

7. RECOGNIZING BASES Bases are any solution with a pH of MORE THAN 7 Chemical formulas for bases are usually written with an OH on the right hand side of the formula Example: NaOH (sodium hydroxide), NH 4 OH (ammonium hydroxide) Bases form hydroxide (OH - ) ions when they are dissolved in water

8. PRACTICE IDENTIFY IF THE FOLLOWING COMPOUNDS ARE ACIDS OR BASES: NaOH HCl HCH 3 COO NH 4 OH H 2 SO 4 Mg(OH) 2 BASE ACID BASE ACID BASE

9. READING Read pages 225 – 229 for Friday WARNING/ ANNOUNCEMENT: You are doing 2 labs tomorrow. Absolutely NO food or drinks Be ON TIME!