2. Take a look at : Thailand’s position in S&T competitiveness. Praditta Siripan Technical Information Access Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency. February 7, 2001

3. World Competitiveness Yearbook and IMD  IMD- International Institute of Management Development is a non- profit organization offering management courses for executives from around the world (91 countries)

4. World Competitiveness Yearbook and IMD  IMD- International Institute of Management Development is a non-profit organization offering management courses for executives from around the world (91 countries)  each year IMD surveys from 47 countries (29 OECD and 18 developing countries) to rank countries’ overall and specific areas of competiveness

5. World Competitiveness Yearbook and IMD  IMD- International Institute of Management Development is a non-profit organization offering management courses for executives from around the world (91 countries)  each year IMD surveys from 47 countries (29 OECD and 18 developing countries) to rank countries’ overall and specific areas of competiveness  Thailand is number 33 for year 2000 below Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia, and China  Number One for year 2000 is the United States, 2 is Singapore

6. IMD looks at 8 Input factors  Domestic economy  Internationalization  Government  Finance  Infrastructure  Management  Science and Technology  People

7. From 26 criteria to rank S&T competitiveness, Thailand is 47th  There are 5 major input factors to consider:  1. research and development expenditure,  2. R&D personnel,  3. technology management,  4. scientific environment and research,  5. intellectual property/patents

8. R&D expenditures counted from  Total expenditures (in $)  Total expenditures on R&D per capita  Total expenditures on R&D per GDP  Business expenditures on R&D

9. R&D personnel - S&T Competitiveness  Total R&D personnel nationwide  Total R&D personnel nationwide per capita  Total R&D personnel nationwide in business enterprise  Total R&D personnel nationwide in business enterprise per capita  Qualified engineers  Availability of IT skills

10. Technology management - S&T competitiveness  Technological cooperation  research cooperation  financial resources  development and application of technology  relocation of R&D facilities

11. Scientific environment/research  Nobel Prizes  Nobel Prizes per capita  Basic research  Science and education  Science and education and youth

12. Intellectual property/patents  Patents granted to residents  change in patents granted to residents(past 5 years)  securing patents abroad  number of patents in force  intellectual property

13. Action - What should Thailand do?  Checking on IMD+other ranking organizations’ data for reliability of the sources, accuracy especially the R&D data  correct on what went wrong: increased R&D budget, rethink the science education policy and implementation, HRD in science and technology to meet with changes into the New economy  value-added R&D to increase the return of investment locally

14. Targeted efforts to improve our S&T competitiveness  Increase budget of national R&D expenditures to 31,318 million baht in B.E. 2548 (4,811 million in 2542)  Increase budget of R&D expenditures in the private sector to 6,400 million baht in B.E. 2548 (466 million in 2542)  R&D personnel must increase from 14,000 to 50,000 in 5 years or 21% annually  improve and reeducate the skills in technology management, knowledge-based organizations, HR resource sharing

15. Targeted efforts (continued)  Promote scientific environment and research  emphasizing the role of S&T for national development especially in industrial development  invest more in science education among the youth and the public  knowledge intensive industry - intellectual property, implement seriously the anti copyright violation  urgent action in research and innovation for export markets.

16. Strategies to win?  Matching fund to encourage R&D in the public and private sectors  promote infrastructure development in S&T in the private sector: information service, quality assurance, testing, training and consultant services, providing seed money to start the business  encourage foreign investment  strategic plan for R&D at the national level, grant allocation through granting agencies on competitive bidding basis.