1. Chapter 15 Central Europe

2. Section 1 : Germany  ● Identify some key events in the history of Germany.  ● Describe some features of German culture.  ● Examine the German economy.  ● Evaluate the issues and challenges faced by Germany.

3. Give a brief explanation of Germany’s early history.  700 AD : many tribes untied by Charlemagne later separated into a loose confederation called “Holy Roman Empire”  1300’s : 100 Northern towns formed trade group called “Hanseatic League” dominated trade  1700’s : states controlled by Prussia, this led to the uniting of North and South in 1871  1890-1914 : Prospered and became industrial. Grew as a military power.

4. Describe what happened to Germany during the World Wars.  Balance of Power upset in Europe by growth of Germany. This brings tension in Europe and with the assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand WWI starts.  Britain, France, Russia, & USA vs.. Germany, Bulgaria, Austro- Hungarian & Ottoman Empires.  After WWI German economy collapses amid harsh war sanctions, giving rise to the Nazi party and Adolf Hitler. A push for strong military and an alliance with Italy & Japan forms.  1939  Germany invades Poland and WWII is started.  Britain, France, Russia, & USA (Allied) vs. Germany, Italy, & Japan (Axis)  1945  WWII is ended while Germany and most of Europe lay in ruins.

5. Briefly explain what happened in Germany after WWII.  Country split into Eastern & Western Germany  West controlled by democracy, East controlled by communism  West become economic power  1990  Fall of communism & the 2 halves are united. Democracy new gov’t

6. Give information about German Culture.  Capital is Berlin  16 states or Landers, Bavaria is the largest  German is the dominant language  German foods: bratwurst (sausage) various pastries  Strict environmental laws  Limit deforestation  Pollution  Oktoberfest: annual celebration of royal wedding, ends in the beginning of Oct.

7. Give 3 facts about the German economy  4 th largest GDP in the world, behind US, Japan, and China  Is prominent member of European Union  Diverse economy  Business, Industry, Agriculture (1/2 of land used)

8. Challenges facing German  Immigration  Turks come in and isolate themselves due to culture  Raising standards in the East to those in the West, and stopping the civil unrest between Ossis(E) and Wessis(W)

9. Section 2 Alpine Countries  ● Describe some important features of Austria’s history, culture, and economy.  ● Analyze the political, cultural, and economic features of Switzerland.

10. Who are the Alpine Countries? AustriaSwitzerland Why are they called the Alpine Countries?

11. What does Austria have in common with Germany?  Culture (language & religion)  Members of the Holy Roman Empire  Ruled by the Habsburgs  At one time were under the control of the Austrian Empire  Austria controlled by Germany prior to WWII

12. Give info about Austria today?  Vienna  Capital  Largest City  Political & Cultural center of Central Europe  Currently Members of the European Union  Diverse Economy  Industrial, Hydroelectric power, & high quality goods

13. What 2 composers called Austria home? Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Ludwig Von Beethoven

14. What makes Switzerland different from Austria?  Has 4 languages   German  French  Italian  Romanish  English is becoming 5 th most popular  Most people are multilingual  It is a confederation of 26 Cantons or states  Extremely stable country, tends not to take sides during conflicts

15. What is important about:  Zurich  largest city and world’s leading Banking community  Basel  transportation center located on the Rhine River  Bern  capital city located between the German and the French speaking populations

16. Would Switzerland be considered a developed country? -Yes A. High Standards of living B. Banking and insurance are big segments of economy C. Famous for clocks/watches, Swiss cheese, & chocolate D. Major tourist attraction

17. What do Poland and the Baltic Countries have in common?  Both controlled by the Soviet Union after World War II and during the Cold War.

18. What are the Baltic Countries? Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

19. What is an exclave? An area separated from the rest of a country by the territory of other countries.

20. What are the major cities in Poland? Warsaw Krakow Gdansk

21. How has Poland’s economy changed?  Has changed from communist (agriculture centered) to a capitalist or free market (industry centered).  Hurt farmers  Gov’t owned businesses went private  New member to the EU.  Change from Communism has allowed the Roman Catholic religion to become dominant.

22. Who brought Christianity to Estonia & Latvia? The Teutonic Order of Knights They also were responsible for bringing a strong element of German Culture to this region. Hermann von Salza served as the fourth Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (1209 to 1239).

23. Why are the cultures in the Baltic countries related to so many other countries? Due to the Baltic Sea being a major trade route for goods and information, many cultures were present and blended together over time to form what we now see in this region.

24. What is a complementary region?  The combining of 2 areas with different activities or strengths, each of which benefit the other.  Farming community(Slovakia) joining together with an industrial community(Czech Republic).

25. How was Czechoslovakia a complementary region?  Czech Republic controlled land with mineral resources for raw materials, as well as had industrial factories.  Slovakia had an economy based from agriculture  The 2 regions joined together to meet the needs of each that were not being met. Slovakia gave food to the Czech Republic, and in turn received goods needed that they could not produce themselves.

26. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, how have things changed for these countries? Czech Republic  Life here has become more Americanized due to a stable economy of industry and the selling of raw materials. Especially in its capital of Prague. Slovakia  The move away from communism has been tough due to high unemployment and a lack of industry. The economy is unstable due to being based on agricultural production. Its capital of Bratislava is the only major city.

27. What makes Budapest different from other cities? Reason  It is actually 2 cities separated by the Danube River. The cities of Buda and Pest joined together in 1873, and still function as one city today. Picture

28. Briefly explain Hungary’s economy.  Strong Agricultural production  Industry has bounced back from the Communist era and has changed to a market economy  Businesses are now privately owned, increasing competition  Have attracted new industries, foreign investments, & tourism  Have joined NATO and are a new member to the EU

29. The main ethnic background for Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary is? Magyar

30. Define  Exclave  Confederation  Alliances  Cantons  Multilingual  an area separated from the rest of a country by the territory of other countries.  a group of states joined together  an agreement between two countries to support one another against enemies  states in Switzerland  speaking several languages