1. Ben, Trina, Jake, Levi

2. OBJECTIVES History Characteristics Methods of Cryotherapy Evidence Based Research Review Questions References

3. HISTORY

5. CHARACTERISTICS What is occurring to the tissue Therapeutic affects

6. Types of Cryotherapy Whirlpool Ice massage Cold Compression Unit Ice packs

7. Whirlpool Methods of application Indications Contraindications Precautions Recommendations for use Proper use of agent

8. Methods of Application

9. INDICATIONS

10. CONTRAINDICATIONS

11. PRECAUTIONS

12. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE

13. PROPER USE OF AGENT

14. ICE MASSAGE Methods of application Indications Contraindications Precautions Recommendations for use Proper use of agent

15. METHODS OF APPLICATION

16. INDICATIONS

17. CONTRAINDICATIONS

18. PRECAUTIONS

19. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE

20. PROPER USE OF AGENT

21. Cold Compression Therapy Methods of application Indications Contraindications Precautions Recommendations for use Proper use of agent

22. METHODS OF APPLICATION Applied 24 to 72 hours after acute injury of surgery. Cuffs come for specific areas of the body, i.e. shoulder, ankle, and knee Provides a cooling effect with compression and elevation for post surgery patients.

23. INDICATIONS Acute Injury or Inflammation Postsurgical pain and edema

24. CONTRAINDICATIONS Cardiac or Respiratory Problems Uncovered Open Wounds Circulatory Insufficiency Cold Allergy or Hypersensitivity Anesthetized Skin

25. PRECAUTIONS Avoid applying too much pressure Avoid applying over large superficial nerves, could cause cold induced neuropathy

26. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE Recommended for postsurgical patients for home use. Can be used for 24 to 72 hours post surgery.

27. PROPER USE OF AGENT

28. ICE Packs Methods of application Indications Contraindications Precautions Recommendations for use Proper use of agent

29. METHODS OF APPLICATION Apply to affected area 15 to 20 minutes at a time several times a day Prolonged ice application beyond 1 to 2 days has been shown to impair healing.

30. INDICATIONS Use of an ice pack is in the acute phase of a soft tissue injury. Cooling will help prevent swelling. Ice packs are also useful to minimize or prevent increased inflammation or pain. The depth of anesthesia with an ice pack is generally considerably less than with an ice massage.

31. CONTRAINDICATIONS Severe reactions to cold are rare and are related to hypersensitivity reactions. Cold is contraindicated for patients who have developed hypertension during cold treatment or have a cold allergy (hives, joint pain) or cryoglobulinemia. Cold should not be applied to areas of reduced skin sensitivity, or in patients who have Raynaud’s syndrome or sickle cell anemia. Cold can further impair local blood flow in people who have peripheral vascular disease.

32. PRECAUTIONS Prolonged exposure will lead to freezing of tissue. A number of cases of peripheral nerve injury from cryotherapy have been reported. Injury sites have included the peroneal, lateral femoral cutaneous, and supraclavicular nerves

33. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE Decreases or reduces swelling Decreases inflamation Decreases muscle spasm Decreases pain Decreases vasoconstriction Decreases secondary tissue damage

34. PROPER USE OF AGENT When applying an ice pack, never do so directly onto the skin unless you are using crushed ice. 15-20min intervals several times a day During the first 24 to 72 hours after an injury be sure to avoid any form of heat at the injury site, avoid movement and do not massage the injured area as these will increase the bleeding, swelling, and pain.

35. EXAMINATION OF EVIDENCE BASED RESEARCH

36. REVIEW QUESTIONS

37. REFERENCES