1. A Cross-National Research Base for Teacher Training in Human Rights Judith Torney-Purta University of Maryland, www.wam.umd.edu/~iea jt22@umail.umd.edu jtpurta@umd.edu

2. This Presentation Will Examine Long-standing assumptions about –Role of teaching about democratic ideals –Preferred modes of civic engagement in adolescents –Role of knowledge in fostering engagement –How democracy at school contributes –Whether teacher preparation makes a difference

3. … Ideals of Democracy and Threats to Human Rights See analysis of data on correct answers to civic knowledge test and ratings of what is good and bad for democracy among 14-year- olds in Chile, Colombia, United States, and Portugal in “Strengthening Democracy in the Americas through Civic Education,” on the web in English at http://www.oas.org/udse/english/cpo_educ_democr.asp Also available in Spanish on the same website.

4. … Norms of Engagement for Adults Citizens See Citizenship and Education in 28 Countries: Civic Knowledge and Engagement at Age Fourteen and other publications on the IEA Civic Education Website www.wam.umd.edu/~iea.

5. … Role of Knowledge See Fact Sheet prepared for CIRCLE (Center for Information and Learning on Civic Learning and Engagement) entitled “Strengths and Weaknesses in U.S. Students’ Knowledge and Skills: Analysis of Data from the IEA Civic Education Study,” on the web www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/FactSheets/FS_CivicKnowledge.pdf

6. … Role of Democracy at School See paper prepared as Tool 2 for EDC Initiative of the Council of Europe, entitled “Democratic School Participation and Civic Attitudes among European Adolescents, Analysis of Data from the IEA Civic Education Study.” See www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co- operation/education/E.D.C/Documents_and_publications/EDC_Pack/ Also see www.ecs.org/qna for a discussion of school climate and civic learning (and assessment instruments)

7. … Teacher Preparation and Civic Education See Fact Sheet prepared for CIRCLE entitled “How Teachers’ Preparation relates to Students’ Civic Knowledge and Engagement in the United States” on the web at www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/FactSheets/FS_IEA_Teacher_prep.pdf Also see inaugural issue of Journal of Citizenship and Teacher Education.