1. Juvenile Justice
Recent Finding: Most chronic offenders begin their careers before age 12 and some as early as 10.
National data show police arrest about 140k kids age 12 and younger. This group represents almost 10% of the total number of juvy arrests.
Other Facts about Delinquency trends.

2. Juvenile Justice
Four things to discuss: History of the JJS Comparisons to adult system Problems in the JJS Future of the JJS

3. Juvenile Justice
Juvenile Justice Throughout History Earliest Times: Poverty, insanity, retardation all the same as crime.
Patria Postestas vs. Parens Patriae Absolute control over children and absolute obedience vs. King to take the place of parents of kids who broke the law.

4. Juvenile Justice
Juvenile Justice Throughout History Juvys in Early America: Puritan influence: emphasis on obedience and discipline led to jails and prisons for everyone. References to God also part of influence.
The Enlightenment: children were the future of society.

5. Juvenile Justice
Juvenile Justice Throughout History The Industrial Era: Children were cheap labor. Size (of family) matters. Immigrant families and collective resources but also abandoned kids led to gangs.

6. Juvenile Justice
Juvenile Justice Throughout History The Juvenile Court Era: Illinois Juvenile Court Act creates the juvy court. Terminology of “delinquent” punishment philosophy different from adult court.
The Adolescent Dilemma Why does the US come up short on child welfare? 70 million children in US by 2020=78 million or 24% of population. At Risk Youth: what does that mean?

7. Juvenile Justice
The Adolescent Dilemma Adolescent poverty: Census figures Health problems: problems of living in poverty and the problems related to health insurance Family problems: divorce 43% first marriages, 60% of second marriages. % of children living with one parent. Single parent vs. two parent homes and delinquency.

8. Juvenile Justice
The Adolescent Dilemma Substandard Living Conditions 60% of people who live in poor urban areas spend 50% or more of income on rent. Nutrition problems: what do they eat and where do they buy food?

9. Juvenile Justice The Study of Juvenile Delinquency
The Concept of Delinquency Parens Patriae Legal Status of Delinquency Legal Responsibility for Youth Legal status is somewhere bw criminal and civil law Waiver to adult court

10. Juvenile Justice
Status Offenders About 300k juvys arrested each year for running away, truancy, breaking curfew, violating liquor laws. Used to put runaways in orphan asylums or houses of refuge. Could also incarcerate them. Then in the 1960s, MINS, CHINS, PINS, YINS, JINS
Status Offenders and the JJS

11. Juvenile Justice Status Offenders and the JJS
Increasing Social Control