1. Key System Engineering Processes for (Cost) Effective Cyber Security in a Dynamic Threat Environment. Kevin Stoffell September 11, 2015

2. Introduction  Cyber Environment Challenges  Cyber Engineering as a Specialty  Effectiveness of Cyber Security Measures  High value return SE activities  Summary  Resources  Questions

3. Cyber Environment Challenges  Speed/Flexibility of change requirements are generated by the dynamic Cyber environment.  Complexity of system/component interactions  Frequency of component refresh/update  Time/Resource constraints for security requirements in software/IT development  Inherent limitations in end-user operator skills

4. Cyber Engineering as a Specialty  Cyber Security vs. Information Assurance vs. Computer Security  Information System Security Engineering Often incorrectly applied to System Administrators and technicians.  “Cyber Security Engineering is simply System Engineering with a healthy does of paranoia.”

5. Effectiveness of Cyber Security Measures  Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability  Common Trade-off decision conflicts Confidentiality vs. cost/schedule/performance Availability vs. cost/schedule/performance  Security requirements as functional requirements  Security requirements as design constraints

6. High Value Return SE Activities

7. Human Resource Management  Quality Cyber Security Professionals are costly  Continuous Training/Education is required  Individual skills are inherently constrained Grow your own customized skill sets  Intellectual engagement is critical for retention

8. Configuration Management  Configuration Item selection can be challenging NOT asset management  Change process must allow for rapid changes  Impact Analysis prior to change is critical  Post-Change follow-up and testing  Audit, Audit, Audit

9. Risk Management  Critical for cost management  Avoid the ‘solid gold wall’  Requires intelligence input to be effective  Critical tie-ins to: Human Resource Management Configuration Management Requirements Analysis Architectural Design Maintenance

10. Requirement Analysis/Architectural Design  Careful allocation of functional requirements is critical Challenge: Avoiding overlaps and gaps.  Must support and coordinate with: Rapid Configuration Management Verification/Validation Maintenance Human Resource Management

11. Verification/Validation  Documented test procedures are critical  Must be highly automated  Must Support Rapid Verification/Validation after change Configuration Management Audits Human Resource capabilities Continuous Monitoring during Maintenance phases

12. Maintenance  “Sustain a Capability to Provide a Service”  Cyber maintenance is distinctly different from physical world maintenance Continuous Monitoring  Challenge: Overburdening of Maintenance (monitoring) requirements on staff results in degradation of capability  Personnel discipline during troubleshooting/repair activities to support Configuration Management  Access to appropriate human skill sets critical

13. Summary  Cyber Environment Challenges  Cyber Engineering as a Specialty  Effectiveness of Cyber Security Measures

14. Resources  INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook version 3.2.1  National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-37 Rev 1, “Guide for Applying the Risk Management Framework to Federal Information Systems: A Security Life Cycle Approach”  National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-53 Rev 3, “Recommended Security Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations”  Department of Defense Instruction 8500.2, “Information Assurance Implementation”  Project Management Institute, “Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)” Fourth Edition.  Information Assurance Technical Framework ver 3.1, National Security Agency

15. QUESTIONS?