1. Diet Related Diseases This material was funded by USDA’s Food Stamp Program through the California Department of Public Health’s Network for a Healthy California. These institutions are equal opportunity providers and employers. The Food Stamp Program provides nutrition assistance to people with low income. It can help buy nutritious foods for a better diet. For information on the Food Stamp Program, call 1-888-328-3483. Presented by: Network for a Healthy California Huntington Beach Union High School District

2. Reducing Risk of Disease Why do we want to reduce our risk of disease? What are some of the diseases we see today?

3. Top Ten Causes of Death in the United States 1. Heart Disease 2. Cancer 3. Stroke 4. Chronic lower respiratory disease 5. Accidents 6. Diabetes 7. Alzheimer’s 8. Influenza/ Pneumonia 9. Kidney Disease 10. Blood poisoning

4. Reducing Risk of Disease We will take a look at: Diabetes Heart Disease Cancer Obesity

5. Diabetes

6. What Causes Diabetes? The body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that allows cells to remove and use glucose from the blood.

7. Type 1 Diabetes Accounts for 5-10% of all diabetes in the United States Results from the body’s failure to produce insulin Is a genetic disease

8. Type 2 Diabetes Accounts for 90-95% of all diabetes in the United States Results from increased insulin resistance Caused by obesity, age, genetics and inadequate physical activity

9. Gestational Diabetes Diabetes during pregnancy –Increased risk for type 2 diabetes How it affects the baby –May cause larger babies –Increased risk for obesity –Increased risk for type 2 diabetes

10. Symptoms of Diabetes Increased thirst and frequent urination Extreme hunger Weight loss Blurred vision Slow-healing sores or frequent infections

11. Diagnosis Diagnosed by blood test only –Fasting Plasma Glucose Test –Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Gestational Diabetes –Screening may be done via patient history, clinical risk factors, or laboratory screening –Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

12. Diabetes Mellitus US Facts 23.6 million people have diabetes Diagnosed: 17.9 million people Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5 – 10% Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90 – 95% Undiagnosed: 5.7 million people 1.6 million cases diagnosed in 2007

13. We can reduce our risk of which type of diabetes?

14. Complications from Diabetes Heart disease Stroke Hypertension (HTN) Blindness Kidney Disease Dental Disease Pregnancy Complications Nervous System Disease Amputations

15. What can you do to reduce the risk of getting Type 2 Diabetes ?

16. Lower your risk of Diabetes Maintain an appropriate body weight Make healthy food choices Exercise daily

17. Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1990 Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1). No Data 10%

18. Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1). No Data 10% Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1991-1992

19. Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1). No Data 10% Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1993-1994

20. Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1). No Data 10% Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1995-1996

21. Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1). No Data 10% Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1997-1998

22. Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1). No Data 10% Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1999

23. Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1). No Data 10% Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 2000

24. Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1). No Data 10% Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 2001

25. Heart Disease

26. Heart Disease Each year – Heart disease affects 7 million Americans Approximately 500,000 people die from heart attacks

27. Coronary Heart Disease CHD results from the narrowing of the coronary arteries that feed the heart Atherosclerosis is the gradual build up of plaques in blood vessels that feed the heart

28. Cholesterol Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that occurs naturally in the body. The body uses cholesterol for hormone, vitamin D and bile acid production. High cholesterol levels may increase your risk for developing CHD.

29. What foods contain cholesterol?

30. Sources of cholesterol Animal products –Meat –Milk –Butter –Eggs –Cheese Our body also produces cholesterol

31. Risk Factors for CHD Risk Factors that cannot be controlled: Age Gender Genetics

32. Risk Factors for CHD Risk Factors that can be controlled: Smoking High Cholesterol Hypertension (HTN) Physical Inactivity Obesity Diabetes Stress Alcohol Consumption

33. What can you do to reduce the risk of heart disease?

34. Reduce the risk of CHD Be at or near appropriate body weight Exercise regularly – 60 minutes a day Lower intake of saturated fat and trans fat Increase Omega-3-Fatty Acids Relaxation techniques Monitor sodium intake

35. Cancer

36. The term “cancer” refers to a group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow Different kinds of cancer – lung, breast, colon – most common Tissue cancer – cartilage, muscle Immature blood cells form another type of cancer

37. What Causes Cancer? Viruses Excessive exposure to UV Obesity Low fruit and vegetable intake

38. What Causes Cancer? Cigarette smoking is responsible for most lung cancer Excessive alcohol can increase the risk of mouth, throat & esophagus cancer People who smoke & drink have 40 times the risk Lung cancer cells

39. What Causes Cancer? Occupations Air and car pollution

40. Smoking Facts Almost 90% of adult smokers are addicted at or before age 18. About one-third of 3,000 youth who start to smoke will die from smoking – mainly cancer. 28.5% of high school students have smoked within the last 30 days

41. Cancer Facts About half overweight children become overweight adults Being overweight increases risk of developing cancer and other heart diseases

42. What can you do to reduce your risk of Cancer? Which food groups would you want to increase?

43. Obesity

44. Definition: Overweight - a BMI between 25 and 29.9 Obesity- a BMI of 30 or higher BMI is a calculation that is a ratio of your weight to height.

45. Obesity can increase risk of: –coronary heart disease –breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, uterine cancer –stroke –arthritis –gallbladder disease –sleep apnea, respiratory problems –metabolic syndrome

46. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1985 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) 15% NA

47. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) 15% NA

48. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1987 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) 15% NA

49. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1988 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) 15% NA

50. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1989 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) 15% NA

51. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) 15% NA

52. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1991 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) <10% 10-15% 15% - 19% NA

53. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1992 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) <10% 10-15% 15% - 19% NA

54. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1993 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) <10% 10-15% 15% - 19% NA

55. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1994 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) <10% 10-15% 15% - 19% NA

56. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1995 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) <10% 10-15% 15% - 19% NA

57. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1996 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) <10% 10-15% 15% - 19% NA

58. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1997 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) <10% 10-15% 15% - 19% ≥20%

59. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1998 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) <10% 10-15% 15% - 19% ≥20%

60. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1999 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) <10% 10-15% 15% - 19% ≥20%

61. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2000 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) <10% 10-15% 15% - 19% ≥20%

62. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2001 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) <10% 10-15% 15% - 19% 20-24% ≥25%

63. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2002 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) <10% 10-15% 15% - 19% 20-24% ≥25%

64. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2003 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) <10% 10-15% 15% - 19% 20-24% ≥25%

65. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2004 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) <10% 10-15% 15% - 19% 20-24% ≥25%

66. Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2005 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight) 30%

67. No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30% Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2006 (*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

68. Prevalence of Obesity* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2007 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

69. Prevalence of Obesity* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2008 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

70. Obesity It is easier to prevent weight gain than it is to take it off Set goals to change lifestyle habits now –Change diet –Reduce portion sizes –And increase physical activity

71. Reducing Risk of Disease After taking a look at: Diabetes Heart Disease Cancer Obesity Can What You Eat REALLY Make a Difference?

72. Increase Whole grain products Fruits and vegetables Low fat or fat free dairy products Lean meats, fish, nuts, beans Unsaturated fats such as olive oil Water Decrease Fast foods Sodas Candy and Sweets Potato Chips Saturated fats such as butter Salty foods

73. How can you: – Improve eating habits? Reduce fat and sugar intake? – Increase physical activity?

74. A few ideas… Eat Breakfast! Include fruit or vegetables at every meal or snack Have a piece of fruit instead of dessert Limit soda to no more than one a day Order small instead of large fries Walk when you talk on the phone Walk the whole mall each time you go

75. Conclusion  For a Healthy Future  Set small, achievable goals to change your lifestyle and meet guidelines for eating & exercise.