1. 1 TOPIC 8 EATING DISORDERS

2. Eating disorders - are characterized by disturbed patterns of eating and maladaptive ways of controlling body weight.

3. Anorexia nervosa - An eating disorder characterized by maintenance of an abnormally low body weight, a distorted body image, intense fears of gaining weight and in females, amenorrhea.

4. Diagnostic Features of Anorexia Nervosa A. Refusal to maintain weight at or above the minimal normal weight for one’s age and height; for example, a weight more than 15% below normal B. Strong fear of putting on weight or becoming fat despite being thin C. A distorted body image in which one’s body – or part of one’s body – is perceived as fat, although others perceive the person as thin D. In case of females who have had menarche, absence of three or more consecutive menstrual periods.

5. Subtypes of Anorexia 1. A binge eating/purging type  Is characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating and purging 2. A restrictive type  self-starvation

6. Bulimia Nervosa - An eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating followed by self induced purging, accompanied by overconcern with body weight and shape.

7. Diagnostic Features of Bulimia Nervosa 1. Recurrent episodes of binge eating (gorging) as shown by both: a) eating an unusually high quantity of food during a 2-hour period b) sense of loss control over food intake during the episode 2. Regular inappropriate behavior to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives, diuretics or enemas; or fasting or excessive exercise 3.A minimum average of two episodes a week of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain over a period of at least 3 months 4. Persistent overconcern with the shape and weight of one’s body

8. Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia - Biological factors - Genetics - Set points - Serotonin - Sociocultural factors - Peer and Media Influences - Family Influences - Individual Risk Factors

9. Treatment of eating disorders - Hospitalization - Family therapy - Cognitive-behavior therapy - Interpersonal psychotherapy - Antidepressant drugs (prozac)

10.  Is defined on the basis of the body mass index, having a BMI of 30 or more is considered obese 10

11.  The role genes  Hormones involved in appetite and weight regulation  Sociocultural Influences  Family Influences  Stress and Comfort Food  Pathways to Oesity 11

12.  Weight loss groups  Medications  Gastric Surgery  Psychological Treatment  The important of prevention 12