1. Vocabulary Level F
Units 1-3 Review

2. abominate To have an intense dislike or hatred for Verb
S: loathe, abhor, despise, detest
A: relish, savor, cherish, esteem

3. acculturation
The modification of the social patterns, traits, or structures of one group or society by contact with those of another; the resultant blend
Noun
S: adaptation

4. adventitious
Resulting from chance rather than from an inherent cause or character; accidental, not essential; (medicine) acquired, not congenital
Adjective
S: extrinsic, incidental, gratuitous
A: essential, intrinsic, inherent, congenital

5. approbation
The expression of favorable approval; praise; official approval
Noun
S: commendation, sanction
A: disapproval, condemnation, censure

6. ascribe To assign or refer to (as a cause or source), attribute Verb
S: impute, credit, attribute

7. assuage
To make easier or milder, relieve; to quiet, calm; to put an end to, appease, satisfy, quench
Verb
S: mitigate, alleviate, slake, allay
A: intensify, aggravate, exacerbate

8. callow
Without experience; immature, not fully developed; lacking sophistication and poise; without feathers
Adjective
S: green, raw, unfledged, inexperienced
A: mature, grown-up, polished, sophisticated

9. circuitous roundabout, not direct Adjective
S: indirect, meandering, winding
A: straight, direct, as the crow flies

10. coalition A combination, union, or merger for some specific purpose
Noun
S: alliance, league, federation, combine
A: splinter group

11. commiserate
To sympathize with, have pity or sorrow for, share a feeling of distress
Verb
S: feel sorry for, empathize
A: to feel no sympathy for

12. decadence
Decline, decay, or deterioration; a condition or period of decline or decay; excessive self-indulgence
Noun
S: degeneration, corruption
A: rise, growth, development, maturation

13. drivel
(N.) saliva or mucus flowing from the mouth or nose; foolish, aimless talk or thinking; nonsense (V.) to let saliva flow from the mouth; to utter nonsense; to waste away foolishly
Noun and Verb
S: (N.) balderdash, hogwash, tommyrot; (V.) slaver

14. elicit
To draw forth, bring out from some source (such as another person)
Verb
S: Call forth, evoke, extract, educe
A: repress, quash, squelch, stifle

15. enjoin
To direct or order; to prescribe a course of action in an authoritative way; to prohibit
Verb
S: bid, charge, command, adjure
A: allow, permit

16. exhort To urge strongly, advise earnestly Verb
S: entreat, implore, adjure
A: discourage, advise against, depreciate

17. expiate To make amends, make up for; to avert Verb
S: redeem, make amends, atone, make reparation

18. expostulate
To attempt to dissuade someone from some course or decision by earnest reasoning
Verb
S: protest, remonstrate, complain

19. ferment or ferment
(Verb)—to be in or work into such a state; to produce alcohol by chemical action; (Noun)—a state of great excitement, agitation, or turbulence
Verb or Noun
S: (N.) commotion, turmoil, unrest
A: (N.) peace and quiet, tranquility, placidity

20. hackneyed Used so often as to lack freshness or originality Adjective
S: banal, trite, commonplace, corny
A: new, fresh, novel, original

21. inadvertent
Resulting from or marked by lack of attention; unintentional, accidental
Adjective
S: accidental, unconsidered
A: deliberate, intentional, premeditated

22. infringe To violate, trespass, go beyond recognized boundaries Verb
S: encroach, impinge, intrude, poach
A: stay in bounds

23. innuendo
A hint, indirect suggestion, or reference (often in a derogatory sense)
Noun
S: insinuation, intimation
A: direct statement

24. intercede
To plead on behalf of someone else; to serve as a third party or go-between in a disagreement
Verb
S: intervene, mediate

25. interloper
One who moves in where he or she is not wanted or has no right to be, an intruder
Noun
S: trespasser, meddler, buttinsky

26. inveigh To make a violent attack in words, express strong disapproval
Verb
S: rail, harangue, fulminate, remonstrate
A: acclaim, glorify, extol

27. jaded
Wearied, worn-out, dulled (in the sense of being satiated by excessive indulgence)
Adjective
S: sated, surfeited, cloyed
A: unspoiled, uncloyed

28. lassitude Weariness of body or mind, lack of energy Noun
S: fatigue, lethargy, torpor, languor
A: energy, vitality, animation, liveliness

29. lurid
Causing shock, horror, or revulsion; sensational, pale or sallow in color; terrible or passionate in intensity or lack of restraint
Adjective
S: gruesome, gory, grisly, baleful, ghastly
A: pleasant, attractive, appealing, wholesome

30. meritorious Worthy, deserving recognition and praise Adjective
S: praiseworthy, laudable, commendable
A: blameworthy, reprehensible, discreditable

31. millennium A period of one thousand years; a period of great joy Noun
S: chiliad, golden age, prosperity, peace
A: doomsday, day of judgment

32. nominal
Existing in name only, not real; too small to be considered or taken seriously
Adjective
S: titular, token, trifling, inconsequential
A: real, actual, exorbitant, excessive

33. noncommittal
Not decisive or definite; unwilling to take a clear position or to say yes or no
Adjective
S: cagey, uninformative, playing it safe, playing it close to the vest
A: positive, definite, committed

34. occult
(Adj.) mysterious, magical, supernatural; secret, hidden from view; not detectable by ordinary means; (V.) to hide, conceal, eclipse; (N.) matters involving the supernatural
Adjective, Verb, and Noun
S: (Adj.) supernatural, esoteric, abstruse, arcane
A: (Adj.) mundane, common, public, exoteric

35. peculate
to steal something that has been given into one’s trust; to take improperly for one’s own use
Verb
S: embezzle, defraud, misappropriate

36. permeate
 to spread through, penetrate, soak through
Verb

37. petulant Peevish, annoyed by trifles, easily irritated and upset
Adjective
S: irritable, testy, waspish
A: even-tempered, placid, serene, amiable

38. precipitate
(V.) to fall as moisture; to cause or bring about suddenly; to hurl down from a great height; to give distinct form to; (Adj.) characterized by excessive haste; (N.) moisture; the product of an action or process
Verb, Adjective, and Noun
S: (V.) provoke, produce; (Adj.) reckless, impetuous
A: (Adj.) wary, cautious, circumspect

39. prerogative
A special right or privilege; a special quality showing excellence
Noun
S: prerequisite, perk

40. proclivity
A natural or habitual inclination or tendency (especially of human character or behavior)
Noun
S: natural bent, penchant, propensity
A: inability, incapacity

41. provincial
Pertaining to an outlying area; local; narrow in mind or outlook, countrified
Someone who possesses these qualities
Adjective OR Noun
S: narrow-minded, parochial, insular, naïve
A: cosmopolitan, catholic, broad-minded

42. sangfroid Composure or coolness, especially in trying circumstances
Noun
S: poise, self-assurance, equanimity
A: excitability, flappability, hysteria

43. seditious
 resistant to lawful authority; having the purpose of overthrowing an established government
Adjective
S: mutinous, rebellious, subversive
A: supportive, loyal, faithful, allegiant

44. simulate To make a pretense of, imitate; to show the outer signs of
Verb
S: feign, pretend, affect

45. stringent
Strict, severe; rigorously or urgently binding or compelling; sharp or bitter to the taste
Adjective
S: Stern, rigorous, tough, urgent, imperative
A: Lenient, mild, lax, permissive

46. surmise
(V.) to think or believe without certain supporting evidence; to conjecture or guess; (N.) likely idea that lacks definite proof
Verb and Noun
S: (V.) infer, gather; (N.) inference, presumption

47. tenuous
Thin, slender, not dense; lacking clarity or sharpness; of slight importance or significance; lacking a sound basis, poorly supported
Adjective
S: flimsy, insubstantial, vague, hazy
A: strong, solid, substantial, valid

48. umbrage
Shade cast by trees; foliage giving shade; an overshadowing influence or power; offense, resentment; a vague suspicion
Noun
S: irritation, pique, annoyance
A: pleasure, delight, satisfaction

49. vitriolic
Bitter, sarcastic; highly caustic or biting (like a strong acid)
Adjective
S: withering, acerbic, mordant
A: bland, saccharine, honeyed, sugary

50. wheedle To use coaxing or flattery to gain some desired end Verb
S: cajole, inveigle, a soft-soap, sweet talk
A: coerce, browbeat, intimidate, strong-arm

51. Please turn to page 45.