1. Picturing CHINA Photographs from British collections

2. 1870-1950 Photographs from British collections

3. This exhibition This comes from a project researching the history of the Chinese Maritime Custom Service It focuses on issues related to modern Chinese history and to the history of foreign imperialism.

4. 中国简史 Brief History of China 8000BC late stone Age 221BC Qin Dynasty (First unification) 206BC Han Dynasty 618AD Tang Dynasty 960AD Song Dynasty 1260 Yan Dynasty 1380 Ming Dynasty 1644 Qing Dynasty 1912 Last emperor abdicates 1919 -49 National anarchy: age of the warlords 1949 People’s Republic of China

5. BRITAINDateCHINA Singapore founded 1826 1820 Victoria Queen 1837 Afghan war 1838-42 1 st Opium War begins- 1830 ← 1839 →-1 st Opium War begins 1 st Opium War ends 1842 - 1840 ← 1842 → Hong Kong given to Britain 1842 -1 st Opium War ends 1848 Cixi takes power in China War with Burma 1852 War with Russia 1854-6 (Crimean War) 2 nd Opium War 1856-8- Indian Mutiny 1858 1850 ← → 1850-4 Taiping Rebellion Rising against Qing dynasty -1856-8 2 nd Opium War China defeated Suez canal opened 1869 1860

6. 2 nd Afghan War 1878 -801870 Boer War (S. Africa) 188118801884-5 War with France 1888 Indo-China (Vietnam) created by France 2 nd Boer War begins 1899 – British embassy beseiged - 1890 ← → 1894-5 War with Japan Japan takes Taiwan 1899 Boxer Rising against colonial powers 2 nd Boer War ends - 1901 Queen Victoria dies 1901 Edward VII 1901 -1910 1900 1909 Cixi dies George V 1910 -36 World War 1 1914 -18 1910 Emperor Pu ’ I dethroned 1911 1920 - 1949 period of the warlords 1937 1937-1945 Japan invades China 1949People’s Republic established

7. 鸦片战争 Opium Wars First Opium war 1839-1842 Treaty of Nanjing Second Opium war 1856-1860 Treaty of Tianjing Supplementary treaty of Peking

8. After Opium Wars Opium trade made legal for foreigners More than 80 treaty ports were established in China. Many foreign goods were freed from import tax. The Maritime customs office was taken over and run by British officials. China had lost her sovereignty over the import taxes

9. Where ?

10. Chinese Maritime Customs Service It was a customs tax collection agency and information service founded in Shanghai in 1854. It was established and run by foreign consuls. At least 11,000 foreign nationals were employed. Over twenty-five different nationalities of employees. First inspector general of the Customs Service was a British diplomat.

11. 1840-1950 Tens of thousands of Britons lived in or visited China

12. The subjects of the photos photos MerchantsPolicemenMissionariesVisitorsDiplomats Ordinary people

13. How long would it take to travel from Britain to China? Five and half months by water (before) Eleven hours by air (now)

14. World Map

15. ‘Photography was and is a staggering invention. It brought our ancestors face to face with themselves, and it brings us face to face with them’ - Robert Pols (Dating old photographs)

16. Photos on show Commerce and industry The Chinese Maritime Customs Service Everyday life Women Foreigners in China Politics and protest Old China Hands

17. How old are they now? Children in a photographer’s studio,Shanghai(1907)

18. Commerce and industry

19. The Chinese Maritime Customs Service

20. Everyday life

21. women

22. Foreigners in China

23. Politics and protest

24. Old China Hands Men and women born in China before 1949 who live in Britain today ……..

25. Do you know? What is the Customs service? Why did so many Britons leave home to work and live in China? What was the transportation for them? How long it would take them to get there? And how long to travel around China? Does your family have any link with this part of history?

26. Further Reading A On a Chinese Screen A Thousand miles of miracle in China Chinese looking glass Empire made me Britain in China The Boxers, China Missionary Encounters Friends to China

27. Further Reading B China through a College Window The Crippled Tree The gate of happy sparrows The Dragons backbone News from Tartary Forbidden Journey Forgotten Kingdom The last Empress

28. Further Reading C Tulku Good Earth Rickshaw boy Flashman and the Dragon

29. Somewhere to Visit Museum London British Museum National Maritime Museum Imperial War Museum More….. Bristol Museum Of East Asia Art Oxford Ashmolean Museum More……

30. Useful link http://chp.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr http://www.bristol.ac.uk/history/customs http://www.bacsuk.org.uk http://www.aasianst.org

31. Historical Photographs of China website: http://chp.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr

32. End 谢谢