1. ENERGY EFFICIENT IMPROVEMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN ICT - Evidence from the SusteIT Project Peter James University of Bradford

2. ABOUT US 1998 – Co-founded world’s first NGO on GreenIT EU Expert Advisors/Project Managers on ICT & Energy Efficiency; Environmental Technology Higher Education Environmental Performance Improvement (HEEPI) - www.goodcampus.orgwww.goodcampus.org SusteIT - guidance, networking, publications etc - conferencing, low carbon data centres, storage - footprinting, comparison tools - monthly newsletter

3. DRIVERS Direct - regulations - stakeholder pressures - performance - financial

4. Equipment/ Systems Buildings Campus Organisation Building Certificates – DEC; EPC Emission Trading Scheme Inspection - Cooling Codes of Conduct - Data Centres BREEAM Higher Education Environmental Management Systems - EcoCampus - 14001 HE Funding Requirements - HEFCE/UUK 80% Carbon HEFCW EMS Universities That Count Renewable & Low Carbon Requirements Green League Table Procurement - Quick Wins Climate Change Act Holistic – all impacts Key Energy & Carbon only Current Future Inter-linked U&C Climate Commitment for Scotland Carbon Trust - HE CMP - Standard Carbon Reduction Commitment Building Regulations

5. DRIVERS Direct - regulations - stakeholder pressures - performance - financial Integrated improvement - energy/environment one of many - supporting the business case - e.g. thin client - e.g. virtualisation

6. THE DARK FOOTPRINT OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY Heavy Burdens

7. PRODUCTION BURDENS A typical semiconductor facility: - 591 million gallons DI water - 5.2 million pounds of chemicals - 8.8 million kwh of electricity PC/LCD production - 1,000+ hazardous substances High energy materials - 2.5 tonnes of rock - for 1 gram of gold

8. THE DARK FOOTPRINT OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY Heavy Burdens and ….Steam Computers

9. SUSTEIT HE FINDINGS Sheffield - £1 million + electricity bill - 47% desktop related HE sector wide - 760,000 PCs - 215,000 servers - 147,000 networked printers - £60 million + energy bill - 35/40% data centres/HPC

10. NHS ICT Carbon footprint England - 18 million tonnes (25% public sector) - Procurement (Embedded) 60% - Building Energy 22% - Travel 18% ICT - 15% Building energy? - 5% Embedded energy?

11. GOVERNMENT CIO ADVICE - 1 Remove active screensavers Switch Monitor to Standby Shut down PCs OoH Active power management Re-use, re-cycle or green disposal Low power CPU & high efficiency PSU Thin client Timer switches for non networks devices Set default “green”print settings

12. GOVERNMENT CIO ADVICE -2 Optimise printer power saving Printer consolidation Device consolidation Server Optimisation Reduce data centre cooling Decommission redundant devices Ensure re-use of serviceable equipment Data Centre Audit

13. DESKTOP OPTIONS High efficiency models Laptops/docking stations Notebooks & hand held Small form devices Multi-seat devices Virtualised desktops

14. Server Load/ Computing Operations Cooling Equipment Power Conversion & Distribution Alternative Energy Supply High voltage distribution Use of DC power Highly efficient UPS systems Efficient redundancy strategies Power efficiency/management Consolidation/Virtualisation Tiered/high efficiency storage Better air management Free/efficient cooling Innovative cooling Load responsiveness On-site renewables Waste heat for cooling Fuel cells Thermal storage DATA CENTRE OPPORTUNITIES 2010 - Adapted from EPA Original

15. DATA CENTRE PUE Power Usage Effectiveness - ratio of total energy (ie servers + support) to server energy 1990s centres 2.0 + University of St Andrews 1.2 Cap Gemini, Swindon 1.08 Carbon PUEs below 1

16. (MORE) EFFICIENT STORAGE OPTIONS Manage - policies; deduplication Optimise - tiered storage Replace - more for less efficient devices Extend - cloud, shared services

17. HILLINGDON £26,500 power savings pa from: Storage management - automated tiering - ‘thin provisioning’ Storage energy efficiency - less fibre channel - more SATA Virtualisation - 94 production servers to 3

18. ICT BENEFITS – SMART 2020 Benefits - 15% cut in CO 2 emissions by 2020 - $946 billion of cost savings - 5:1 CO 2 avoidance/creation ratio Means - smart grid - intelligent buildings - new ways of working

19. Hot & Cold Aisles

20. Free cooling Wall of 8 dry air coolers Flow temps vary Fans modulate up to 600prm 7C in winter = 100%FC 7-20C in Autumn 20C+ = no free cooling Discharge into plantroom past standby generator to provide background heat in winter. Free cooling for over 80% of year. Salix funded additional £46,382 with 2.5yr payback

21. High Efficiency UPS Eaton 9395 UPS High efficiency double conversion mode Variable Module Management & Energy Saver Systems UPS has highest efficiency when at full capacity. Modular system is automatically optimised. Salix funded additional £32,452 with 1.8yr payback