1. Ch. 16 – Expanding West Texas Gaining Independence & Becoming a State
16.2 – 16.3 US History

2. Recap: 16.1 Cornell Notes Life in Northern New Spain
California
Californios
Missions
Tejanos
The Mexican War for Independence
An Independent Mexico

3. 16.2 Key Questions
Why did Mexico allow the first American settlers into Texas, and what conditions did the Mexican government establish?
Why did many Texans choose to rebel against Mexico?
What events led Texas to win its independence from Mexico?

4. American Settlers Welcome
1821 – Mexican government welcomed American settlers to Texas
Mexican citizens, obey Mexican laws, & support the Roman Catholic Church
Most settlers came from southern states
“GTT” – Gone to Texas signs
Empresarios – agents contracted by Mexico to bring settlers to Texas
Empresarios received land in exchange
Why would Texas welcome
settlers to Texas?
Can you see any problems
With this idea?

5. Stephen F. Austin Empresario - Led settlers to Texas
The first 300 families he brought became known as the “Old Three Hundred.”
Families could receive 640 acres, with an extra 320 acres for each child.
Many families brought slaves with them
He tried to keep peace between Mexico & American settlers

6. Conflict in Texas: American Point of View
US settlers ignored Mexican law
Not interested in becoming Mexican citizens
Texans – Americans & tejanos – thought Texas was underrepresented in Mexican government
Wanted the Mexican Constitution of 1824 to be strictly enforced (limiting the central gov.)
Too much power given to appointed officials rather than elected representatives

7. Conflict in Texas: Mexico’s Point of View
Which side has a better argument?
Mexican officials said Texas didn’t show respect for authority
Americans outnumbered tejanos
Americans weren’t following laws
Slavery was outlawed but people brought slaves
Mexican government restricted American immigration and enforce ban on slavery, raising tariffs on US goods, sent soldiers to enforce Mexican authority

8. Negotiations??
Stephen F. Austin tried to maintain peace between Texas & Mexico
Austin was thrown in jail when petitioning the Mexican president for more self-government in Texas
Austin was released after a year and said:
“War is our only recourse (option). There is no other remedy. We must defend our rights, ourselves, & our country by force of arms.”

9. Texas War for Independence or Texas Revolution
October 1835 – first battle
Mexico: General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Texans made a temporary government & pledged to overthrown Santa Anna
No official Texas army – only volunteers

10. BATTLE OF THE ALAMO November 1835
Texan army captured towns of Goliad & San Antonio
The Alamo (an old Franciscan mission) was occupied by Texans
Santa Anna became outraged and marched to San Antonio

11. Battle of the Alamo
Santa Anna arrived at the Alamo with 3,000 soldiers on Feb. 23, 1836
Only 189 Texan troops
Santa Anna surrounded it for 13 days
Mexican army attacked - March 6, 1836
Mexican army won
“Remember the Alamo”
Why do you think Texans
Used the phrase,
“Remember the Alamo?”

12. The Battle of the Alamo March 6,1836

13. Battle of Goliad Mexican forces move to Goliad
Texans outnumbered & surrender
Texas Commander Fannin & almost 400 soldiers were charged with treason & executed by Santa Anna
Outraged Texans

14. Convention of 1836
Texan leaders met to declare independence (prior to Alamo)
Created a Texas Constitution
Modeled on the United States
Legalized slavery

15. Battle of San Jacinto
Sam Houston, commander in chief of new Texas army, fought Santa Anna
Houston’s troops were outnumbered & untrained
Santa Anna carelessly chose a bad site for his camp
April 21, 1836 – Houston’s army attacked & won the war

16. Texas Becomes a Republic
Santa Anna was forced to recognize the independence of Texas in a treaty & was released to return to Mexico City
Santa Anna was then thrown out of power by angry Mexican citizens
Many Mexicans did not accept that Texas had become an independent country

17. 16.3 The Lone Star Republic

18. 16.3 Outline Why did Texas not immediately become part of the US?
New immigrants and people already living there
Issues in Texas

19. The Republic of Texas Sam Houston elected president Capital – Houston
The US, France, & Great Britain all recognized Texas as independent, but not Mexico

20. Annexation?
President Jackson – didn’t want to annex (take control of) Texas
Concerned about balance between slave & free states
Did not want war with Mexico
Recognized Texas as an independent nation in 1837
President Buren made no changes
President Polk makes changes

22. People
Native Americans – President Houston was friendly, but President Lamar forced them out
Tejanos – unfair treatment by American settlers, even though supported war
Still maintained a presence

23. New Immigrants US Settlers European Slave Issue
100,000 new residents
Panic of 1837
European
1840s
Germany
Farming communities
Slave Issue
1847 – 40,000 slaves
Law passed banning free African Americans in Texas

24. Problems in the Republic
Economic, military, & social issues
Economic: Small towns & slow travel; based on agriculture (no manufacturing); high public debt
Military: large & hard to defend; Texas Rangers to guard frontier
Social: slavery, different people

25. Pres. Lamar in 1841 attacked New Mexico so Santa Anna recaptured San Antonio
President Houston returned to presidency & ended fighting with a peace agreement in 1844