1. Texas and the Mexican-American War
Chapter 9 Section 2

2. Review Quiz: 1) What is Manifest Destiny?
2) What is one cause (idea or real) of Manifest Destiny?
3) What is the Oregon Trail?

3. I) Texas Independence

4. A) Americans in Mexico Americans moved into Texas
Became known as Texans
M. allows them to settle there if they agree to become M. citizens
In 1835 there were 30,000 Texans in Texas
Outnumbered Mexicans 6 to 1.

5. B) Causes of Texas Independence:
Racism:
Neither side tries to understand the other
Cultural differences:
Catholics v. Protestants
Spanish v. English

6. B) Causes of Texas Independence:
Slavery:
M outlawed slavery
Texans kept bringing them in
Government:
M. central gov’t v. Texas state gov’t
1836: Texas declared independence from Mexico

7. C) The Alamo: M. General Santa Anna Attacks the Alamo
A fortified mission in San Antonio
After 12 days of resisting Santa Anna captured the Alamo
Executes all the survivors
The Texans became martyrs

8. General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna:

10. Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

11. D) Sam Houston: “Remember the Alamo” becomes a rallying cry
Sam Houston and the Texans set a trap for Santa Anna at San Jacinto
Killed 630 Mexicans
32 Texans die
Afraid of being killed, Santa Anna signs a peace treaty
The Treaty of Velasco:
Recognizes Texan Independence
Increases the size of Texas to include parts of Mexico and New Mexico

13. Sam Houston:

14. Disputed Territory after the Treaty of Velasco:

15. E) Border War: M. refuses to honor the treaty signed by Santa Anna
Only recognize the traditional Texas
A border war continues for a decade

16. II. The Mexican-American war:

17. Why was the land disputed?
Treaty of Velasco signed by Santa Anna and not honored by the Mexican gov’t.

18. A) Annexation: Sam Houston becomes President of the Texas Republic
Asked the U.S. for annexation.
To be added to another group
The Northerners oppose adding Texas, based on:
Remains an independent country until 1845
M. views this as an act of war.
Slavery

19. Annexation of Texas:

20. B) Causes Leading to War:
M. angry over annexation of Texas
Dispute over Texas/Mexican border
Instability of Mexican government
19 governments in 25 years
Polk Administration’s drive to expand U.S.
Polk saw his job as creating a coast-to-coast nation
Manifest Destiny

21. President James Polk

22. B) Causes Leading to War:
Polk sends John Slidell (diplomat) to try and buy the land from M.
$5 million for New Mexico
$25 million for California
Strong anti-U.S. sentiment means M. won’t accept
U.S. General Zachary Taylor crossed the Nueces River in March 1846 and war begins

23. John Slidell
Zachary Taylor

24. C) War! American Advantages: Larger population Wealthier Larger navy
Better weapons
An industry to quickly supply war supplies to troops
West Point = Good generals and officers
Including Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, and William T. Sherman

25. C) War! Santa Anna has resumed his dictatorship in M.
M. divided
America easily wins every major battle.
General Stephen W. Kearny captures New Mexico in the summer of 1846
U.S. Navy, explorer John C. Fremont and settlers capture California
In September Taylor captures Monterrey

26. General Kearny
John C. Fremont

27. The Battle of Monterrey:

28. C) War!
In February 1847, Santa Anna was defeated by a smaller army lead by Taylor at the bloody battle of Buena Vista.
The American army has achieved all of President Polk’s pre-war goals.
Fueled by Manifest Destiny Polk wanted more
General Scott and the U.S. Navy attacked Veracruz
Then marches to Mexico City and captures it in March 1847.

29. The Battle of Veracruz:

30. General Scott Enters Mexico City:

31. General Scott Enters Mexico City:

32. D) Aftermath: A war of defense had became a war of conquest
Critics said Manifest Destiny meant only conquering “empty land” not land where people already live
Three barriers to Manifest Destiny and conquering M.:
Northern liberals hated conquest
Slavery question
Racism – could the U.S. really incorporate all the 8 million Mexican and Indians?

33. E) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo:
Annexed half of Mexico to the U.S.
Texas, New Mexico and California
Created Rio Grande as international border
U.S. Paid $15 million to Mexico for territory.

34. Homework:
Chapter 9 Section 1: #1, 2, 4, 6