1. Cartography Basics: How Geographic Data are Stored and Represented

2. Maps

3. Images: air photos, satellite images

4. Databases organized sets of data that are required for a specific purpose

5. Some categories of maps (as well as images and databases):  Small-scale vs. large-scale  Reference vs. thematic

6. Scale Ratio between the size of the earth’s features on the map and the size of the same features on the ground.

7.  Verbal scale: “1 inch equals 5 miles”  Bar scale 3 Ways of indicating scale.. 0102030 km Representative fraction: “1:24,000” What unit of distance is used in this scale?

8.  The numerator is always 1  1:10,000 means: one inch on the map equals 10,000 inches on the earth one cm on the map equals 10,000 cm on the earth  What is an advantage of using RF to indicate scale? Representative fraction (RF): 1 24,000 1:24000 =

9. Large-scale vs. small-scale:  Small scale: the map is small compared to the reality  Large scale: the map is large (relatively) compared to the reality

10.  LARGE scale is when the RF is large (that is, the denominator is small)  SMALL scale is when the RF is small Large scale vs. small scale 1:24,0001:100,000 1 24,000 1 100,000

11. Summary: Large vs small scale Large scaleSmall scale Map is large compared to reality Map is small compared to reality RF is a larger number: 1:24,000 RF is a smaller number: 1:250,000

12. Which is the larger-scale image? Which is the larger-scale RF? 1:50,0001:200,000

13. Reference maps vs. Thematic maps:  Reference maps: Emphasize spatial location  Thematic maps: Emphasize spatial patterns

14. Planimetric maps Any map that doesn’t attempt to show “relief features” of earth Cadastral map

15. Topographic  Greek: Topos=place + graphien=to describe  Maps that do show the shape of the terrain

16. Bathymetric maps  Show water depth Bathymetric map of 1855

17. Reference or thematic?

22.  “ Cartogram”  What common element of most maps is missing from a cartogram? Leading candidate, by county

23. Summary: Ways of representing geographic information  Maps  Images  Databases Small-scale vs. large-scale Reference vs. thematic Mapping the “where”