1. the study of the earth and man’s interaction with it
What is geography?
the study of the earth and man’s interaction with it

2. The Five Themes of Geography
1. location
2. place
3. human/environment interaction
4. movement
5. region

3. 1. Location
“Where is it?”
absolute location – a place’s position on the globe
relative location – location of a place in relation to something else
hemisphere – half of the earth
latitude – imaginary lines that measure distance north or south of the equator (also called parallels)
longitude – imaginary lines that measure distance east or west of the Prime Meridian (also called meridians)
- ends at the International Date Line 180°
grid system – network of lines used to find location

4. 1. Location (cont.)

5. 2. Place “What is it like there?”
describes landforms, culture, history, language, religion, clothing, education, art, etc.
place is how you would describe an area to someone

6. 3. Human-Environment Interaction
“What is the relationship between people & their environment?”
describes how the environment affects the people & how people affect the environment (pollution, use of resources, settlement patterns, conservation, adapting to the climate, etc.)
people adapting to or changing their environment
people’s activities within their environment

8. 4. Movement “How are people & places connected?”
describes why people move from one place to another & how they get around
concerned with the movement of three things: people, goods, ideas
interdependent – relying on one another for goods, services, and ideas

9. 4. Movement (cont.)

10. 4. Movement (cont.)

11. 5. Region “How are places alike?” (What common characteristics?)
a way to group & organize the world
2 types of regions:
1. uniform region – an area with some common characteristic throughout (religion, language, climate, crops, etc.)
Ex: The Middle East, The Sunbelt

12. 5. Region
Uniform Regions:

13. 5. Region
Uniform Regions:
Sunbelt

14. 5. Region 2. functional region – an area that functions together
Ex: The Baton Rouge Metropolitan Area

15. Maps & Globes A map is a flattened out portion of a globe.
The oldest known map is a Babylonian clay tablet created 2,500 years ago.
cartographer – map maker

16. Maps used to be made by manually observing, surveying, and recording information about a place.

17. By the 1940s, cartographers began to use aerial photography to aid in map making.
Now, we use satellites & computers to render images of the earth.

18. GIS (Geographic Information Systems)
stores geographic information in a digital database
users can select the layers of info they need & GIS creates a composite map

19. GPS (Global Positioning System)
developed for the military
uses 24 satellites, called Navstars, to beam info to the earth

20. Parts of Maps: TODALSIG
T = title
O = orientation
D = date
A = author
L = legend (key) – explains the symbols used on a map
S = scale – the relationship between measurements on a map to actual measurements on earth
I = index
G = grid

21. compass rose – directional marker on a map
cardinal directions – north, east, south, west
Globes are the most accurate representation of the earth, because all maps are distorted in some way.

22. great circle path – shortest distance
between two places on the earth’s surface

23. Types of maps:
physical – shows physical features like mountains, rivers, deserts, etc
political – shows the boundaries between countries, states, parishes, etc.
special purpose (thematic) – focuses on one aspect like population, religion, climate, land use, languages, etc.

24. Charts, Graphs & Diagrams
graph – a visual way of presenting information
bar graph – uses bars to compare data
line graph – reveals trends and relationships between data (shows changes over time)

25. Charts, Graphs & Diagrams (cont.)
circle graph (pie chart) – uses percentages to compare the parts to the whole
pictograph – uses pictures to present info
chart – shows facts arranged in columns
& rows
diagram – shows what something is or how something is done

26. Create the best graph to represent each of the following sets of info:
1. Last week Mrs. Lipscomb gave 2 homework assignments. Mrs. Spence gave 3 homework assignments. Mrs. Devall & Mrs. Chaves each gave 1 homework assignment.
2. Of Mrs. Devall’s 30 students, 15 have brown eyes, 10 have blue eyes, and 5 have green eyes. (show percentages)
3. The number of students earning college scholarships has doubled every year, starting with 10 in 2004 and 160 in 2008.

27. Know the continents & oceans: