1. UNCLASSIFIED 1 IMINT & GEOINT Imagery Intelligence & Geospatial Intelligence Ms. Heidi Buck SPAWAR Systems Center, San Diego Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance Department Phone: 619-553-6626 NIPR: heidi.buck@navy.milheidi.buck@navy.mil

2. UNCLASSIFIED 2 What is GEOINT? GEOINT stands for GEOspatial INTelligence, which is an intelligence discipline comprising the exploitation and analysis of information to describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities on the Earth. GEOINT data is any data that has a geospatial component: Infrastructure roads power grids water Gunshot triangulation/geolocation Crime reports GPS or AIS (maritime) data Cell phone tracking locations Imagery/Video

3. UNCLASSIFIED 3 What is IMINT? IMINT, short for IMagery INTelligence, is an intelligence gathering discipline which collects information via satellite and aerial photography. Original Electronic Light Table (ELT) Modern Day ELT

4. UNCLASSIFIED 4 IMINT Collection Cycle Task – Request that the satellite, air platform (manned/UAV), ground system collect data at a given time, at a given location, and given certain parameters. Acquire – Data has to be transmitted wirelessly, via network, or by hand to the end user. Process – Prepare the imagery for viewing; or exploit the imagery automatically to produce another product for viewing (map, annotated image). Disseminate – Publish data to a website, send to news services, first responders, or public officials. T.P.E.D. Cycle: Task, Process, Exploit, Disseminate But for your purposes T.A.P.D.:

5. UNCLASSIFIED 5 Commercial Imagery Satellites FormoSat-2 Spot Image 2m B&W Quickbird DigitalGlobe 61cm B&W WorldView-1 DigitalGlobe 50cm B&W Ikonos GeoEye 1m B&W Tradeoff Between Swath Width and Resolution “Soda Straw” Effect

6. UNCLASSIFIED 6 Quickbird Imagery Overview Quickbird Panchromatic (Single Band) Black and White VERY High Resolution (Half Meter) Good for visual representation Multispectral Color High Resolution (Several Meters) Good for scientific analysis PanchromaticMultispectral

7. UNCLASSIFIED 7 Quickbird Multispectral Tutorial Quickbird Multispectral “Cube” Red (R) Green (G) Blue (B) Near Infrared (NIR) Four Images Used for Scientific Analysis

8. UNCLASSIFIED 8 IMINT & GEOINT For the Maritime Domain

9. UNCLASSIFIED 9 “The heart of the Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) program is accurate information, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance of all vessels, cargo, and people extending well beyond our traditional maritime boundaries.” National Plan to Achieve Maritime Domain Awareness for The National Strategy for Maritime Security October 2005 IMINT for Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) Port/Coastal Security President Bush January 20, 2003

10. UNCLASSIFIED 10 SSC San Diego Automated Ship Detection Algorithms Solution: The SSC San Diego Ship Detection Algorithms quickly and accurately locates ships in EO/IR satellite commercial imagery. Problem: Searching for a particular ship in satellite imagery is a difficult and time consuming task for the image analyst.

11. UNCLASSIFIED 11 Output Type #1 – Shapefile Overlay

12. UNCLASSIFIED 12 Output Type #1 – Shapefile Overlay

13. UNCLASSIFIED 13 Output Type #1 – Shapefile Overlay

14. UNCLASSIFIED 14 Output Type #1 – Shapefile Overlay

15. UNCLASSIFIED 15 Output Type #1 – Shapefile Overlay

16. UNCLASSIFIED 16 Output Type #2 - HTML “Tip Sheet”

17. UNCLASSIFIED 17 Output Type #2 - HTML “Tip Sheet”

18. UNCLASSIFIED 18 Output Type #3 - KML Google Earth Output

19. UNCLASSIFIED 19 Output Type #3 - KML Google Earth Output

20. UNCLASSIFIED 20 Output Type #3 - KML Google Earth Output

21. UNCLASSIFIED 21 Output Type #3 - KML Google Earth Output

22. UNCLASSIFIED 22 Output Type #3 - KML Google Earth Output

23. UNCLASSIFIED 23 Non Overhead Imagery Maritime Domain Before Video Enhancement – Foggy PortAfter Video Enhancement – Foggy Port Automated Ship Detection

24. UNCLASSIFIED 24 GEOINT for MDA (a.k.a. Data Fusion) Video Data Overhead Imagery Other Data Sources AIS Information

25. UNCLASSIFIED 25 IMINT & GEOINT During the San Diego Wildfires 2007

26. UNCLASSIFIED 26 What You Saw in the News Small Map, Big Dots

27. UNCLASSIFIED 27 What You Saw in the News Small Map, Hand Drawn Areas

28. UNCLASSIFIED 28 What You Saw in the News What Does This Satellite Imagery Tell Us? NASA MODIS Imagery -- ~1km resolution

29. UNCLASSIFIED 29 What You Saw in the News What’s the problem with all these maps? Poor Resolution!! Old Data!! Where’s my house??

30. UNCLASSIFIED 30 What You Should Have Seen What do we need for emergency response during fire, floods, or other disasters? High Resolution Imagery with Disaster Areas Mapped to Google Earth SPAWAR Fire Map Created with Quickbird Multispectral Imagery and Overlaid on Google Earth

31. UNCLASSIFIED 31 Why are High Resolution Maps Important? GEOINT: Situational Awareness Schools Houses Major Road

32. UNCLASSIFIED 32 How Did We Make Those Maps? Quickbird Multispectral Image Red (R) Green (G) Blue (B) Near Infrared (NIR) Four Images

33. UNCLASSIFIED 33 How Did We Make Those Maps? Quickbird (R,G,B) Image of San Diego Fire Area

34. UNCLASSIFIED 34 How Did We Make Those Maps? Quickbird Image Footprint

35. UNCLASSIFIED 35 How Did We Make Those Maps? R, G, B Bands of ImageryNIR Band of Imagery Here’s the fire… Using Image Processing Algorithms…

36. UNCLASSIFIED 36 How Can We Do This in the Future? Timely imagery collection (either satellite or from an air-breather) Computer image processing algorithms that can build a map 10-100x faster than a human can Fast and easy dissemination of map-product (several KB map overlay) to the news, public, and first responders

37. UNCLASSIFIED 37 Non Overhead Imagery Fire Detection and Monitoring What Was Seen With the Naked Eye During the San Diego Fires

38. UNCLASSIFIED 38 Non Overhead Imagery Fire Detection and Monitoring What Was Seen Using Infrared Cameras and Some Image Processing

39. UNCLASSIFIED 39 Summary of GEOINT GEOINT is a relevant to law enforcement and first responders Assists with first responders doing their job, and provides public with information Various types of data sources can be used in GEOINT Overhead Satellite/UAV Imagery Non Overhead Video/Still Imagery AIS/GPS Data Other data sources Often times requires some data processing before being displayed Provides situational awareness Is understood by the general public (think Google Earth)

40. UNCLASSIFIED 40 Questions?