1. What is Geography?
Unit 1
Chapter 1

2. Vocabulary Location Absolute Location Hemisphere Grid System
Relative Location
Place
Region
Formal Region
Functional Region
Perceptual Region
Ecosystem
Movement
Human Environment Interaction
Physical Geography
Human Geography
Meteorology
Cartography
Geographic Information Systems(GIS)

3. Geography
Geography is the study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth
Geographers are specialists who describe Earth’s physical and human features and the interactions of people, places, and environments.
What are some tools geographers might use to describe Earth?

4. Maps

5. Maps Topographic- shows natural and man-made features on earth
Thematic- shows information
Navigation- maps air and sea- navigators would use these

7. Thematic Map of Africa

8. Navigation Map

9. 5 Themes of Geography Also known as Elements Location Place Region
Movement
Human-Environment Interaction

10. Theme 1- Location
Spatial Relations- how places, people, and features of the Earth are connected
There are 2 types
Absolute Location- exact latitude and longitude at which a place is found on the globe
Relative Location- describes a place’s location in relation to another place

11. Absolute and Relative Absolute of Spartanburg County:
Latitude North
Longitude West
-The entire county goes from approximately 35.2 to 34.6 degrees north and 82.2 to 81.7 degrees west

13. Relative Location
Relative to other states: East of GA, North of FL, SE of TN, South of VA
Relative to other counties- North of Newberry, Lexington, Saluda, West of Cherokee, York, Chester, East of Greenville
Relative to bodies of water: East Saluda and Reedy, west of Broad
Relative to landmarks- South of Chimney Rock, east of Table rock

14. Relative http://images.google.com/
“around the corner, past the Wal-Mart and across the street from the barber shop.”

15. When is it useful to know the absolute or relative location of a place?

16. Theme 2- Place
Place- a particular space on Earth with physical and human meaning
Place Types are based on human characteristics and physical characteristics
Human include: bridges, buildings, language, modes of transportation, and religion
Physical include: landforms, climate, wildlife, bodies of water, and vegetation

17. Physical and Human Systems
Physical systems- volcanoes, floods, and hurricanes shape the Earth’s surface
Human systems- people affect the Earth by settling it, forming societies, and migrating. People also move goods and ideas to new places.
What historical movements of people and ideas have changed the US and World?

20. Theme 3- Region
A region, larger than a place, is a group of places that are united by shared characteristics. 3 Types 1. Formal/Uniform- area defined by a common characteristic 2. Functional- central place and the outlying areas linked to it by transit systems 3. Perceptual- defined by popular feelings and images rather than by objective data

23. Region Places that are connected Cultural (Bible belt)
Political (conservative south)
Economic (rustbelt)
Physical (sunbelt)
3 categories
Formal
Function
Perceptual

24. Theme 4- Movement
Movement- How goods, cultures, and rituals migrate from place to place.
3 Types of Movement
a. people
b. goods
c. ideas

27. Theme 5- Human-Environment Interaction
Pertains to how the environment and people effect each other
People depend on the environment- it dictates what type of crops we grow.
People modify the environment- clear land and plant crops on it
People adapt to the environment- wear certain types of clothing according to the season

30. Map Skills Why are all map projections distorted? Map Projections
The earth is round, and maps are flat, so the earth’s curves cannot be accurately shown on a map
Map Projections
Mercator- used for ship navigation
Polar (Azimuthal)- used for air travel
Robinson- used in classrooms

31. Mercator Map

32. Polar (Azimuthal) Map

33. Robinson Map

34. Map Directions Cardinal directions- north, south, east, and west
Intermediate directions- southeast, southwest, northeast, northwest

35. Hemispheres
The world is divided into hemispheres by latitude and longitude lines
The Equator divides north and south, while the Prime Meridian divides east and west

36. There are 8 key elements that you need to know when reading a map
Reading Maps
There are 8 key elements that you need to know when reading a map

37. Reading Maps Title- explains subject of map
Compass Rose- shows orientation
Labels- words or phrases that explain map features
Legend-Lists and explains the symbols and use of color on a map

38. Labels and Compass Rose

40. Reading Maps
Latitude Lines-Run horizontal from the equator out on both sides of the globe (mark north and south positions)
Longitude Lines- Run vertical from the prime meridian out on both sides of the globe (mark east and west positions)
Scale- Ruler-like line that shows the lengths of earth distance units on the map

41. Longitude (left) and Latitude (right)

43. What do Geographers do? Observe Map (cartography) Interview
Create and use statistics
Technology (GIS and GPS)