1. Presented to: Orlando Florida Flying Community By: The FAASTeam - Dennis H. Whitley Date: December 9, 2010 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam Orlando Florida Presentation Pilot Deviations

2. 2 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 Pilot Deviations

3. 3 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 Pilot Deviations

4. 4 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 Pilot Deviations - Air

5. 5 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 How to Reduce Pilot Deviations Educate yourself to recognize the potential for Pilot Deviations during all Areas of Operation Create and demonstrate situations that will enable you to experience various types of Pilot Deviations first hand in the training environment. Practice strategies to mitigate Pilot Deviations dependant on distractions and/or cockpit confusion.

6. 6 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 Accident Rates by Time in Type Time Accidents Fatalities 0-100 46.9% 41.3% 101-200 13.8% 17.5% 201-300 7.6% 7.5% 301-400 4.8% 1.3% 801-900 1% 0.0%

7. 7 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 Percentage of Accidents/Fatalities Accidents and Fatalities by Phase of Flight

8. 8 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 Types of Pilot-Related Accidents  Weather= 4%  Descent/Approach= 4.2%  Maneuvering= 5.3%  Fuel Management= 5.8%  Takeoff/Climbs= 11%  Landings= 32.9%  Others= 9%

9. 9 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 Runway Incursion Challenge 58 million landings and takeoffs last year * Thousands of runway crossings per day! Human error is a certainty Technology has limitations Causes – Consequences are global in nature Source: * FAA Runway Safety Fact Sheet

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13. 13 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 Pilots are Very Confident by Nature and by Culture I’m a professional! I’ve trained hard and long for this! I’ve done it thousands of times! I’m current and very proficient! What could possibly go wrong???

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21. 21 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 What can you do to reduce runway incursions? Plan your surface operations Employ cockpit discipline Understand taxi procedures Make proper use of aircraft lights Use proper communication techniques Understand/recognize airport signs and markings STAY ALERT – Look both ways prior to crossing any runways!

22. 22 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 Planning Surface Operations Pre plan taxi routes at departure and destination airports Ensure you have an accurate, up to date airport diagram available Review NOTAM’s and ATIS for possible construction impacts – rwy/twy closures Look for “hot spots” –Jeppesen airport diagrams – FAA charts

23. 23 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 Verify Compass heading to confirm proper runway taxiway selection.

24. 24 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 Cockpit Discipline Minimize distractions during critical phases –Taxi for takeoff is where majority of RIs occur –Delay checklists until off the runway Recognize when you need to have “heads up” –Any time the plane is moving but… –Especially when approaching a runway or an intersecting taxiway Write down taxi routes and clearances –From RIIEP – 72% of pilots who had incursion DID NOT Use the airport diagram during taxi –From RIIEP – 47% of pilots who had Rwy inc DID NOT Verbalize critical instructions to other crew members –Hold Short or Crossing instructions

25. 25 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 Pilot Deviations What’s the Problem?

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27. 27 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 TFR – Temporary Flight Restriction SFRA – Special Flight Rules Area MOA – Military Operations Area ADIZ – Air Defense Identification Zone Prohibited – From the surface to defined limit Alert – Informs of a high volume of aerial activity Warning – Areas 3 NM beyond the US coast, possible hazardous activity

28. 28 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 SITUATIONAL AWARENESS WILL SAVE YOUR LIFE!

29. 29 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 Questions? Comments? Ideas? Quiz time ~

30. 30 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 1. The before take-off checklist should be completed while taxing. a. True b. False 2. At a controlled airport, if you are unsure of where to taxi after landing, you should a. Consult your taxi chart b. Ask ATC c. Ask you co-pilot or passenger d. Taxi around until you find your destination on the airport.

31. 31 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 3. True or False; As of June 2010, Runway Incursions are on a “downward” trend. 4. Should the pilot read-back “all” takeoff and landing clearances, including the runway designator?? 5. Only “read-back” an ATC clearance when on an “IFR” flight plan. True or False?

32. 32 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 6. Which of the following areas are major contributors to Pilot Deviations in general? a. Communications b. Airport Knowledge c. Cockpit procedures for maintaining orientation d. Distraction e. All of the above Answers Follow –

33. 33 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 1. The before take-off checklist should be completed while taxing. a. True b. False b. False - Airplane Flying Handbook 2. At a controlled airport, if you are unsure of where to taxi after landing, you should a. Consult your taxi chart b. Ask ATC c. Ask you co-pilot or passenger d. Taxi around until you find your destination on the airport. b. Ask ATC - Airplane Flying Handbook

34. 34 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 3. True or False; As of June 2010, Runway Incursions are on a “downward” trend. True, RI’s so far during FY 2010 have decreased slightly - Office of Runway Safety; FAA. 4. Should the pilot read-back “all” takeoff and landing clearances, including the runway designator?? “YES” – FAA, Office of Runway Safety. 5. Only “read-back” an ATC clearance when on an “IFR” flight plan. True or False? “False’ – AIM, Section 5 and Airplane Flying Handbook

35. 35 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 6. Which of the following areas are major contributors to Pilot Deviations in general? a. Communications b. Airport Knowledge c. Cockpit procedures for maintaining orientation d. Distraction e. All of the above e. All of the above - Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA- H-8083-3A) page 1-5

36. 36 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 This Completes Our Program Pilot Deviations and Runway Incursions CONGRATULATIONS! Be sure to have signed in for credit

37. 37 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations December 9, 2010 FAASTeam Nap Time Take a Break!