1. Presented to: Instructors and Pilot Examiners By: The FAASTeam Date: July 1 to September 30, 2010 Federal Aviation Administration Stick-n-Rudder Flight Training, LLC™ Flight training begins on the ground, not in the air. ™ Tyra Cerny, CFI, AGI, IGI Scott Johnson, CFI, AGI www.sticknrudder.com

2. Presented to: Instructors and Pilot Examiners By: The FAASTeam Date: July 1 to September 30, 2010 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 Module 8, Core Topics 15: Pilot Deviations Including Runway Incursions

3. 3 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

4. 4 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 Module 8 – Core Topic 15 Pilot Deviations, Including Runway Incursions: Educate your students to recognize the potential for Pilot Deviations during all Areas of Operation Create and demonstrate situations that will enable students to experience various types of Pilot Deviations first hand in the training environment. Teach and practice strategies to mitigate Pilot Deviations dependant on distractions and/or cockpit confusion. Are all of your students registered at FAASafety.gov?

5. 5 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 What is a Runway Incursion? Any occurrence at an airport involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft. Basically, crossing the hold short lines of a runway you haven’t been cleared to cross.

6. 6 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten 1.See the Big Picture 2.Situational Awareness 3.Speak Clearly 4.Concise 5.Copy Clearances 6.Signs & Markings 7.Sterile Cockpit 8.Admit When Lost 9.Right Frequencies – ground, tower, departure 10.Repeat Clearances

7. 7 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten 1.See the Big Picture 2.Situational Awareness 3.Speak Clearly 4.Concise 5.Copy Clearances 6.Signs & Markings 7.Sterile Cockpit 8.Admit When Lost 9.Right Frequencies – ground, tower, departure 10.Repeat Clearances

8. 8 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten 1.See the Big Picture 2.Situational Awareness 3.Speak Clearly 4.Concise 5.Copy Clearances 6.Signs & Markings 7.Sterile Cockpit 8.Admit When Lost 9.Right Frequencies – ground, tower, departure 10.Repeat Clearances

9. 9 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten 1.See the Big Picture 2.Situational Awareness 3.Speak Clearly 4.Concise 5.Copy Clearances 6.Signs & Markings 7.Sterile Cockpit 8.Admit When Lost 9.Right Frequencies – ground, tower, departure 10.Repeat Clearances

10. 10 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten 1.See the Big Picture 2.Situational Awareness 3.Speak Clearly 4.Concise 5.Copy Clearances 6.Signs & Markings 7.Sterile Cockpit 8.Admit When Lost 9.Right Frequencies – ground, tower, departure 10.Repeat Clearances

11. 11 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten 1.See the Big Picture 2.Situational Awareness 3.Speak Clearly 4.Concise 5.Copy Clearances 6.Signs & Markings 7.Sterile Cockpit 8.Admit When Lost 9.Right Frequencies – ground, tower, departure 10.Repeat Clearances

12. 12 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten 1.See the Big Picture 2.Situational Awareness 3.Speak Clearly 4.Concise 5.Copy Clearances 6.Signs & Markings 7.Sterile Cockpit 8.Admit When Lost 9.Right Frequencies – ground, tower, departure 10.Repeat Clearances

13. 13 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten 1.See the Big Picture 2.Situational Awareness 3.Speak Clearly 4.Concise 5.Copy Clearances 6.Signs & Markings 7.Sterile Cockpit 8.Admit When Lost 9.Right Frequencies – ground, tower, departure 10.Repeat Clearances

14. 14 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten 1.See the Big Picture 2.Situational Awareness 3.Speak Clearly 4.Concise 5.Copy Clearances 6.Signs & Markings 7.Sterile Cockpit 8.Admit When Lost 9.Right Frequencies – ground, tower, departure 10.Repeat Clearances

15. 15 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten 1.See the Big Picture 2.Situational Awareness 3.Speak Clearly 4.Concise 5.Copy Clearances 6.Signs & Markings 7.Sterile Cockpit 8.Admit When Lost 9.Right Frequencies – ground, tower, departure 10.Repeat Clearances

16. 16 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten 1.See the Big Picture 2.Situational Awareness 3.Speak Clearly 4.Concise 5.Copy Clearances 6.Signs & Markings 7.Sterile Cockpit 8.Admit When Lost 9.Right Frequencies – ground, tower, departure 10.Repeat Clearances

17. 17 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 The Triple T ~ Tyra’s Top Ten 1.See the Big Picture 2.Situational Awareness 3.Speak Clearly 4.Concise 5.Copy Clearances 6.Signs & Markings 7.Sterile Cockpit 8.Admit When Lost 9.Right Frequencies – ground, tower, departure 10.Repeat Clearances

18. 18 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 Runway Incursion Challenge 58 million landings and takeoffs last year * Thousands of runway crossings per day! Human error is a certainty Technology has limitations Causes – Consequences are global in nature Source: * FAA Runway Safety Fact Sheet

19. 19 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

20. 20 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

21. 21 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 Pilots are Very Confident by Nature and by Culture I’m a professional! I’ve trained hard and long for this! I’ve done it thousands of times! I’m current and very proficient! What could possibly go wrong???

22. 22 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

23. 23 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

24. 24 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

25. 25 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

26. 26 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

27. 27 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

28. 28 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

29. 29 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

30. 30 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

31. 31 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 What can you do to reduce runway incursions? Plan your surface operations Employ cockpit discipline Understand taxi procedures Make proper use of aircraft lights Use proper communication techniques Understand/recognize airport signs and markings STAY ALERT – Look both ways prior to crossing any runways!

32. 32 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 Planning Surface Operations Pre plan taxi routes at departure and destination airports Ensure you have an accurate, up to date airport diagram available Review NOTAM’s and ATIS for possible construction impacts – rwy/twy closures Look for “hot spots” –Jeppesen airport diagrams – FAA charts

33. 33 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

34. 34 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 Verify Compass heading to confirm proper runway taxiway selection.

35. 35 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 Cockpit Discipline Minimize distractions during critical phases –Taxi for takeoff is where majority of RIs occur –Delay checklists until off the runway Recognize when you need to have “heads up” –Any time the plane is moving but… –Especially when approaching a runway or an intersecting taxiway Write down taxi routes and clearances –From RIIEP – 72% of pilots who had incursion DID NOT Use the airport diagram during taxi –From RIIEP – 47% of pilots who had Rwy inc DID NOT Verbalize critical instructions to other crew members –Hold Short or Crossing instructions

36. 36 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 Pilot Deviations What’s the Problem?

37. 37 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

38. 38 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

39. 39 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 TFR – Temporary Flight Restriction SFRA – Special Flight Rules Area MOA – Military Operations Area ADIZ – Air Defense Identification Zone Prohibited – From the surface to defined limit Alert – Informs of a high volume of aerial activity Warning – Areas 3 NM beyond the US coast, possible hazardous activity

40. 40 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 Lack of Preparation Always have your Airport Diagram with you –Print them off @ naco.faa.gov “Free Digital Products” –Write all over them, take notes, circle FBO’s, Highlight taxi routes… Before you call Ground, you should have already identified 1 or 2 of the most likely taxi routes. If you can’t point to your entire route on the airport out the window, you’re not ready to call Ground yet

41. 41 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

42. 42 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010

43. 43 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 Clear Left? Clear Right? Cleared to Cross? When you’re approaching a Runway, verify a few things 100 yards away, not 10’, from the Runway hold lines, begin to look out for yourself “Clear left” by looking left, don’t just say it “Clear right” by looking right, don’t just say it “Cleared to cross” by confirming with your notes or Ground Control Or “Holding Short”

44. 44 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 Ask for a “Progressive Taxi” If a couple of clarifications aren’t enough to remove all doubt of a perfect taxi, get the Progressive Ignore the condescending speech, use the help

45. 45 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 SITUATIONAL AWARENESS WILL SAVE YOUR LIFE!

46. 46 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 Take the Taxi as seriously as the flight Think about it… It’s easier to measure your mistakes when on the airport surface vs. in the air There are as many, if not more, opportunities to violate a regulation on the ground as in the air There are dramatically more collision hazards packed into this little space at any given time when compared to in flight operations…airports are the center of flight activity

47. 47 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 Sterile Cockpit during taxi Professional cockpits allow NO non-essential communication when the aircraft is below 10,000’ MSL For us in General Aviation airplanes, maintain a sterile cockpit from engine start until completing the cruise checklist. Then resume from beginning the before landing checklist until engine shut down. Do not allow external distractions to cause a mistake or oversight on the airport surface.

48. 48 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 The perfect passenger?

49. 49 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 Module 8, Core Topic #15 Questions? Comments? Ideas? Quiz time ~

50. 50 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 1. The before take-off checklist should be completed while taxing. a. True b. False 2. At a controlled airport, if you are unsure of where to taxi after landing, you should a. Consult your taxi chart b. Ask ATC c. Ask you co-pilot or passenger d. Taxi around until you find your destination on the airport.

51. 51 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 3. True or False; As of June 2010, Runway Incursions are on a “downward” trend. 4. Should the pilot read-back “all” takeoff and landing clearances, including the runway designator?? 5. Only “read-back” an ATC clearance when on an “IFR” flight plan. True or False?

52. 52 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 6. Which of the following areas are major contributors to Pilot Deviations in general? a. Communications b. Airport Knowledge c. Cockpit procedures for maintaining orientation d. Distraction e. All of the above Answers Follow –

53. 53 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 1. The before take-off checklist should be completed while taxing. a. True b. False b. False - Airplane Flying Handbook 2. At a controlled airport, if you are unsure of where to taxi after landing, you should a. Consult your taxi chart b. Ask ATC c. Ask you co-pilot or passenger d. Taxi around until you find your destination on the airport. b. Ask ATC - Airplane Flying Handbook

54. 54 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 3. True or False; As of June 2010, Runway Incursions are on a “downward” trend. True, RI’s so far during FY 2010 have decreased slightly - Office of Runway Safety; FAA. 4. Should the pilot read-back “all” takeoff and landing clearances, including the runway designator?? “YES” – FAA, Office of Runway Safety. 5. Only “read-back” an ATC clearance when on an “IFR” flight plan. True or False? “False’ – AIM, Section 5 and Airplane Flying Handbook

55. 55 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 6. Which of the following areas are major contributors to Pilot Deviations in general? a. Communications b. Airport Knowledge c. Cockpit procedures for maintaining orientation d. Distraction e. All of the above e. All of the above - Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA- H-8083-3A) page 1-5

56. 56 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 FAASTeam CFI Workshop #6 Take a 5 minute Break! When we return: Reading between the lines and saying what ATC wants you to say. Would you like a Special with that?

57. 57 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2010 This Completes CFI Workshop Module 8 AND The First CFI Workshop Series CONGRATULATIONS! Be sure to have your attendance record validated!

58. Presented to: Instructors and Pilot Examiners By: The FAASTeam Date: July 1 to September 30, 2010 Federal Aviation Administration Stick-n-Rudder Flight Training, LLC™ Flight training begins on the ground, not in the air. ™ Tyra Cerny, CFI, AGI, IGI Scott Johnson, CFI, AGI www.sticknrudder.com