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Muscular System Part 2
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An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles
Figure 7-11(a)
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An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles
Figure 7-11(b)
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Muscles of the head and neck
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Muscles of the Head and Neck
Figure 7-12(a)
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Muscles of the Head and Neck
Figure 7-12(b)
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Muscles of the Head and Neck
Figure 7-12(c)
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Head & Neck Muscles Cranial Aponeurosis: connects frontalis to occipitalis Temporalis: elevates mandible Occipitalis: draws scalp back Masseter: elevates mandible Sternocleidomastoid: Flexes head Draws head toward shoulder Frontalis: elevate eyebrows Orbicularis Oculi: close eyelid Zygomaticus: draw angle of lip upward Buccinator: draws cheeks against teeth Orbicularis Oris: closes mouth Platysma: draws lower lip down & back
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Muscles of Mastication
Masseter: elevates mandible Temporalis: elevates mandible Medial pterygoid: elevates mandible Lateral pterygoid: depresses mandible
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Key Muscles of Facial Expression
Smiling Muscles Orbicularis Oculi Nasalis Levator Labii Superioris Levator Anguli Superioris Zygomaticus Risorius Frowning Muscles Frontalis Orbicularis Oris Depressor Anguli Oris Depressor Labii Inferioris Mentalis Platysma
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Muscles of the Anterior Neck
Figure 7-13
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Muscles of the Axial Skeleton
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Muscles of the Axial Skeleton
Muscles of Quiet Respiration Diaphragm External Intercostals Internal Intercostals—deep breaths Abdominal Muscles External Obliques Internal Obliques Transverse Abdominus Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Intrinsic Muscles Erector Spinae: maintain posture of back/extension Spinalis Longissimus Iliocostalis Oblique Muscles: rotation of the vertebrae Semispinalis Multifidus Rotatores
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Muscles of the Spine Figure 7-14
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Oblique and Rectus Muscles and the Diaphragm
Figure 7-15(a)
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Oblique and Rectus Muscles and the Diaphragm
Figure 7-15(b)
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Oblique and Rectus Muscles and the Diaphragm
Figure 7-15(c)
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Muscles of the Shoulder
Figure 7-17(a)
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Muscles of the Shoulder
Figure 7-17(b)
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Muscles of Scapular Stabilization
Trapezius: Retraction Elevation Depression Upward Rotation Rhomboid—retraction Levator Scapular—Elevation Pectoralis Major—Protraction Serratus Anterior—Protraction
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Upper Limbs
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Muscles that Move the Arm
Figure 7-18(a)
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Muscles that Move the Arm
Figure 7-18(b)
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Anterior Muscles of Shoulder
Deltoid Flexion /Extension Abduction /Adduction Internal /External Rotation Pectoralis Major Adduction Flexion Extension Internal Rotation Biceps Brachii—Flexion
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Posterior Muscles of Shoulder
Teres Major Adduction Extension Internal Rotation Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii
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Rotator Cuff Muscles (SITS)
Teres Minor External Rotation Subscapularis Internal Rotation Supraspinatus Abduction Infraspinatus External Rotation
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Muscles That Move the Forearm and Wrist
Figure 7-19
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Muscles of the Elbow/Forearm
Triceps Brachii—Extension Bicep Brachii— Flexion Supination Brachialis—Flexion Brachioradialis— Pronation Pronator Teres Pronator Quadratus Supinator Longus
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Muscles of the Wrist & Hand
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Digitorum Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Carpi Radialis Extensor Digitorum Anterior (Palmar) View Posterior (Dorsal) View
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Lower Extremity Muscles
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Muscles That Move the Thigh
Figure 7-20(a)
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Muscles of Hip: Gluteal Muscles
Gluteus Maximus—Extension Gluteus Medius—Abduction Gluteus Minimus—Abduction Tensor Fasciae Latae— Flexion Abduction ** Gluteus Minimus is under the Gluteus Medius
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Muscles That Move the Thigh
Figure 7-20(b)
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Muscles of Hip: Anterior Muscles
Medial/Adductor Muscles: Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Gracilis Anterior Muscles Iliopsoas—Flexion Pectineus— Flexion Adduction Sartorius— Lateral Rotation
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Muscles That Move the Leg
Figure 7-21
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Muscles of Anterior Thigh
“Quadriceps” Rectus Femoris— Hip flexion Knee extension Vastus Lateralis—knee extension Vastus Medialis—knee extension Vastus Intermedius—knee extension Sartorius— Hip & Knee Flexion Lateral Hip Rotation **Vastus Intermedius is beneath Rectus Femoris
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Muscles of Posterior Thigh
“Hamstrings” Responsible for Knee Flexion & Hip Extension Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Gastrocnemius Knee Flexion
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Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Figure 7-22(a)
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Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Figure 7-22(b)
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Muscles of the Lower Leg
Anterior Compartment Tibialis Anterior—Dorsiflexion & inversion Extensor Digitorum Longus Fibularis Tertius—dorsiflexion & eversion Posterior Compartment Gastrocnemius—plantarflexion, knee flexion Soleus—plantarflexion Lateral Compartment Fibularis Longus—plantarflexion & eversion Fibularis Brevis—plantarflexion & eversion
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Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Figure 7-22(c)
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Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Figure 7-22(d)
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Location of Muscles Skeletal Muscles Anterior view Frontalis Masseter
Quadriceps group Frontalis Masseter Deltoid biceps brachii Location of Muscles Pectoralis Major Brachioradialis Skeletal Muscles Anterior view External Obliques Rectus abdominis Quadriceps Group Tibialis Anterior
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Location of Muscles Skeletal Muscles Posterior view Hamstring group
Trapezius Location of Muscles Triceps brachii Latissimus dorsi Skeletal Muscles Posterior view Hamstring group Gastrocnemius Gluteus maximus
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Muscles You Need to Know
F A D C B E L K J H G P O N M I 5 1. brachioradialis 2. biceps brachii 3. deltoid 4. external oblique 5. frontalis 6. gastrocnemius 7. gluteus maximus 8. hamstring group 9. latissimus dorsi 10. masseter 11. pectoralis major 12. quadriceps group 13. rectus abdominis 14. tibialis anterior 15. trapezius 16. triceps brachii 10 15 3 11 16 2 13 9 4 1 7 12 8 14 6
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Disease Conditions in Muscles
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Muscle Disorders Sprain
A sprain is a wrenching, twisting or stretching injury to a ligament. Sprains often affect the ankles, knees, or wrists.
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Muscle Disorders Strain
A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon, and is often caused by overuse, force, or stretching.
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Muscle Disorders Muscle Ruptures
A muscle tear may be partial or complete and caused either by a direct blow or by overexertion.
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Muscle Disorders Muscle Tear Muscle Pull Muscle pull- very slight tear
Chronic tear- gradual onset of pain Acute tear- sudden dramatic pain Muscle Tears
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Muscle Disorders Spasms Cramps
Muscle spasm- when A muscle (or even a few fibers of a muscle) involuntarily contract Muscle cramp- involuntarily + forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax
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Muscle Disorders Tetanus
Caused by bacteria that enters the body through the skin Found in soil, dust and manure Toxin bacteria produces interferes with nerve transmission to your muscles and causes them to seize up in painful spasms.
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Muscle Disorders Anabolic Steroids
Produced naturally by the body to support such functions as fighting stress and promoting growth and development Referred to as roids, juice, hype, weight trainers, gym candy, arnolds, stackers, or pumpers People use steroid pills, gels, creams, or injections to improve their sports performance or the way they look. Anabolic steroids cause many different types of problems
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Muscle Disorders Cerebral Palsey
Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect a person's ability to move and to maintain balance and posture. The disorders appear in the first few years of life, and usually don’t get worse over time.
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Muscle Disorders Muscular Dystrophy
Muscular Dystrophy- most well known of hereditary diseases A genetic condition that describes over 20 genetic and hereditary muscle diseases.
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Muscle Disorders Myasthenia Gravis
Myasthenia gravis- chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal muscles
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Muscle Disorders Polio
Poliomyelitis, often called polio is an acute viral infectious disease which is spread from person-to-person via the fecal-oral route. Old Polio Asymmetric atrophy & weakness Atrophic right leg (arrow) in patient with paralytic polio 70 years in past
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Epigastric hernia Umbilical hernia
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Animations… Muscles – Descriptions Muscles – Locations and Actions
Muscles – Locations and Actions
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