1. Niccolo Machiavelli The Ultimate Gangster
The Mack Attack
Niccolo Machiavelli The Ultimate Gangster

2. The Prince: A Review of chapter 17
Of Cruelty and Clemency, and Whether It Is Better to Be Loved or Feared

3. The Prince: A Review of chapter 17
Of Cruelty and Clemency, and Whether It Is Better to Be Loved or Feared
1. cruel or kind?
2. loved or feared?
3. reply to whether it is better to be loved or feared
4. explain fear
5. when to be cruel and armies
6. example of cruelty and armies
7. conclusion

4. The Prince: A Review of chapter 17
1. cruel or kind?
what do you think is one of the key quotes in the first paragraph?
“A prince, therefore, must not mind incurring the charge of cruelty for the purpose of keeping his subjects united and faithful”

5. The Prince: A Review of chapter 17
2. loved or feared?
what does Machiavelli say?
Better to be feared and loved but if a prince must choose the choose____________
fear but not so much that you
are hated
of course he said feared because of the nature of mankind

6. The Prince: A Review of chapter 17
He goes into detail about the nature of mankind.
Men in general, he says, are ungrateful, eager to avoid danger, and selfish
They should never be trusted
Men don’t care about breaking their word to one they love because love is held together by obligation which, men being selfish, will break whenever it serves their purpose; but fear is maintained by a dread of punishment which never fails.

7. The Prince: A Review of chapter 17
So, if man can’t be trusted then how can you appeal to their nobler side? It doesn’t exist.
How can you ask him to act against his own self-interest? That is the only interest he recognizes

8. The Prince: A Review of chapter 17
But...be careful not to be feared so much you become hated....
Do not take their property.
If you must kill a subject let it be for good reason but this is not as important as refraining (preventing) from taking their property
Men forget the death of their father but they never forgive the taking of their property

9. The Prince: A Review of chapter 17
It’s different concerning an army

10. The Prince: A Review of chapter 17
It is different when a prince is head of an army - then he should not mind being labeled cruel
indeed this is a desirable reputation when leading an army
he uses the examples of Hannibal and Scipio to prove this point

11. The Prince: A Review of chapter 17
Conclusion:
men love freely but fear at a Prince’s will

12. The Prince: A Review of chapter 17
Chapter 17 lesson
Machiavelli wanted to strip away all the fake pretenses of the world and look at reality. To do this he came up with a theory of human conduct based not upon the Christian ethic, but upon what he observed.
this is an important chapter because here Machiavelli spells out his view of the nature of man -

13. The Prince:
Homework
Student reading, relabeling paragraphs of chapter 18 and chapter 19 of The Prince.
Directions: Students are to: 1) number each paragraph (if book copy) and write titles or headings of each paragraph. Headings don't have to be elaborate - can use words in the paragraph where appropriate. They can identify the functions of the paragraphs to indicate which paragraphs summarize what had gone on before, which paragraphs provide examples, and which paragraphs defined terms. Ex: "summary of paragraphs 1-5" or "Examples of ______" or "______ Defined" p.58

14. Must Keep Faith (keep his word)
The Prince:
The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
Chapter 18
In What Ways Princes
Must Keep Faith (keep his word)

15. The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
This chapter speaks of the ways in which a Prince may keep good faith, and the conditions in which good faith must be ignored

16. The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
1. Good faith
2. two methods of fighting
3. fox or lion
4. modern example
5. appearances
6. be careful with appearances

17. The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
OK Machiavelli says...we all know it is good if a Prince keeps his word and preserve his integrity but still many Princes who didn’t keep their word (double dealing) were successful anyway

18. The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
There are two methods of fighting:
by law (the way of men)
by force (the way of the beast)
if the first method (law) doesn’t work then a Prince must use the second (force)
a wise Prince will learn to use both

19. The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
Achilles is given as an example of knowing law and force
but the next paragraph is likely the most famous: can you guess what it is?
“A prince who must act as a beast must imitate the fox and the lion. For the lion cannot protect himself from traps and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. One therefore be a fox to recognize traps and a lion to frighten wolves. Those who wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore a prudent (wise) ruler ought not to keep the faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist”

20. The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
He concludes that it is not necessary for the Prince to be merciful, humane, kind, and faithful although it may be necessary to appear to have those qualities.
He notes it may be dangerous for a Prince to have those qualities because they limit his range of actions
This is especially true of new princes who have to consolidate their power (they must act ruthlessly against any and all opponents)

21. That We Must Avoid Being Despised and Hated
The Prince:
The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
Chapter 19
That We Must Avoid Being Despised and Hated

22. The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
It is the longest chapter of the book....
having dropped the bombshells in the previous chapter, here he buttresses (defends) his arguments

23. The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
What do you think those rules are?
1. A Prince must be firm- a show of strength discourages enemies
2. Such a Prince will have a great reputation, and it is difficult to engage in conspiracies against such a ruler

24. The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
A prince only has 2 fears: those involving subjects (citizens) and those involving foreign enemies
A prince can deal w/ foreign enemies if he has strong army and good soldiers (and a good prince always does)
Internal matters will remain stable since the foreign threat will be limited (see above) and his reputation will ensure stability within the citizentry - especially if he avoids being hated and despised (see previous rules)

25. The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
Even those who plot against a prince are unlikely to succeed because they will need companion conspirators. Those conspirators will quickly see the benefit of “turning in” the other conspirators to the Prince - they will gain his favor.
So those who join a rebellion are the most likely to be the ones to make it fail.
Machiavelli then gives examples to prove his point

26. The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
The Prince: Introduction (we are made for each other)
The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
Chapter 19
Rulers who have happy people are less likely to deal with rebellion
Therefore a Prince should attempt to satisfy his people
Machiavelli then uses the French system as a good example. They have a system of nobles who can often take the blame rather than the Prince himself.
He then speaks of Roman emperors and he says, “no they are not bad examples. The reason why they failed is because they had to deal with two issues: unhappy army and unhappy people. No prince can satisfy both demands.

27. The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
What does he conclude?
Chapter 19
Hatred can be gained as much by good works as by evil- so a prince might as well do evil if it accomplishes the ultimate goal

28. The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
He continues to elaborate with historical examples of the “loin and fox” issues.

29. The Prince: Chapters 18 and 19
lesson learned of Chapter 19
Machiavelli really just elaborates on his ideas in this chapter...by using Roman tales he might be alluding to the conspiracies of Machiavelli’s current Italian times. Lorenzo would have known that and maybe see at what Machiavelli was hinting.

30. The Prince:
Machiavelli says, “Mixed princedoms are like blended families”
Why could you also call this the Stepmom Rule

31. The Prince:
Maxims of The Prince
What is a maxim?

32. The Prince: 1. “He who builds on the people builds on mire” (26).
2. “He who is the cause of another’s greatness is himself undone” (18.)
3. “Leave it to time” (6: Machiavelli argued against this popular maxim)

33. The Prince: 1. “The temper of the multitude is fickle” (14.)
2. “A Prince who is not wise himself cannot be well advised by others” (64.)
3. “Nothing makes a Prince so well thought of as to undertake great enterprises and give striking proofs of his capacity” (59.) (Having a strong foreign policy – i.e., undertaking “great enterprises” – actually meant taking over other countries and displaying one’s military might. The Prince is full of such euphemisms.)
4. “He who wishes to deceive will never fail in finding willing dupes” (46.)

34. The Prince: The effects of this publication The Prince...
Italy: Pope is powerful and had no interest in unifying Italy under some other ruler....the Catholic Church declares Machiavelli evil and adds his publications to The Index: the banned book list
Europe: horrific religious wars of 1500s caused a lot of interest and hatred in Machiavelli
Britain: some 400 references in popular literature like Shakespeare’s Othello
Frederick The Great of Prussia: such a true Machiavellian he wrote a anti-Machiavelli booklet (which is exactly what Machiavelli would suggest a powerful prince should do)

35. The Prince: The effects of this publication The Prince...
The Enlightenment: to these men Machiavelli’s disregard for natural laws was unpardonable.
The French Revolutionaries: Machiavelli’s contempt for the masses was unforgivable.
The Italian Unifiers like Garibaldi (1870): Machiavelli was considered the grandfather of Italian unification
Modern Times: his interest in nationalism has gained him the title Father of Modern Political Science