1. Economic Growth and Undernutrition: Italy, 1861-2011 Giovanni Vecchi Università di Roma “Tor Vergata” 17 th ICABR Conference Ravello – June 18-21, 2013

2. Motivation

3. Economic History meets with Development Economics QUESTIONSANSWERS ① How did living standards change during the secular process of Italy’s economic development? ② Who benefited from economic development in Italy, and by how much?

4. “In ricchezza e in povertà” Table of Contents PART I Non-monetary Indicators 1)Nutrition 2)Heights 3)Health 4)Child Labor 5)Education PART II Monetary Indicators 6)Income 7)Inequality 8)Poverty 9)Vulnerability PART III Tools 10)Household Budgets 11)Spatial Cost-of-Living Indices

5. Daily calorie availability per person, 1861-2011 5

6. The demographic structure of the Italian population, 1861 and 2011 6

7. Calorie requirement, 1861-2011 7

8. Well-fed, on average. What about those under average? 8 AVERAGE KCAL INTAKE KCAL REQUIREMENT UNDERNUTRITION (%)

9. Undernutrition in Italy, 1861-2011 Giovanni Vecchi9

10. Diet composition, 1861-2011 Giovanni Vecchi10

11. Thank you for your attention! (In case you missed the first slide) giovanni.vecchi@uniroma2.it

12. Who eats more than the Italians? Calorie distribution in the world, 1930s-2000s 1934-38 (76 countries) 1961-63 (144 countries) Giovanni Vecchi12