1. 1. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Introduction Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Day 1 – Section 1 & 2

2. 2. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Course Aim To provide the student with specialist information relating to workplace situations likely to arise in the oil and gas industry

3. 3. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Course Learning Outcomes Participants will be able to: Apply the skills obtained in the core subjects to situations specific to the oil and gas industry Outline the key occupational hygiene issues within the oil and gas industry and describe how to manage these issues Assess workplaces in the oil and gas industry for potential unacceptable exposures

4. 4. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry What is Required to Complete this Course Ask questions as we go through the notes Participate in the case study discussions Participate in the practical exercises Attempt the questions each night Evening revision questions each day. Mock examination (evening of day 4) Practical assessment (day 5)

5. 5. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Today’s Topics Role of the Hygienist Basic Petroleum Chemistry Introduction to the Oil & Gas Industry Specific Issues for the Oil & Gas Industry

6. 6. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Role of the Hygienist

7. 7. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry History of Occupational Disease (1) 4 th century B.C. Hippocrates recognises lead toxicity 1 st century A.D. First respirator mask described -bladder derived protective mask for use by workers against dust and lead fumes. 2 nd century Dangers of acid mists to copper miners is recognised (Galen)

8. 8. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry History of Occupational Disease (2) No major advances until 1473 when Ulrich Ellenborg published a pamphlet on occupational diseases and gave instruction on hygiene 1556 Agricola (German scholar) described the hazards of mining noting that some women in Carpathian Mountains had seven (7) husbands due to their early death from “consumption”

9. 9. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Paracelsus 16 th century Paracelsus (Swiss alchemist) published considerable material on the toxicology of smelting metals (some of which was incorrect). His description of Mercury poisoning was very advanced In 1540 he makes the profound statement - “No substance is a poison by itself, it is the dose that makes a substance a poison”

10. 10. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Paracelsus

11. 11. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Ramazzini 1700 first intensive treatise on occupational diseases published by Bernardo Ramazzini (Italian physician) under the title “De Morbis Artificum”. Coined the phrase asked by of every occupational physician “Of what trade are you?”

12. 12. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry 18 th -19 th Century recognition of diseases from work 18 th century Sir George Baker established link between “Devonshire Colic” and lead in cider industry Percival Pott recognised soot as one of the major causes of scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps which lead to the “Chimney-Sweepers Act of 1788” which included requirements for control

13. 13. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Development of health & safety laws Thomas Beddoes & Sir Humphrey Davy collaborated in describing occupations which were prone to cause “phthisis’ (tuberculosis) 19 th century saw passing of English Factory Acts in 1833 (focused more on compensation rather than prevention)

14. 14. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Recognition of Numerous Occupational Diseases Late 19 th century saw the recognition of numerous diseases and conditions in the construction and mining industries (e.g. caissons disease) and development of monitoring methods by people such as Haldane

15. 15. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Alice Hamilton (USA) 20 th century Alice Hamilton (physician in early 1900s) presented substantial evidence between illness and exposure to toxins She went further by proposing practical solutions to the problems

16. 16. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry OH&S Legislation From the 1930s numerous OH&S legislation was introduced throughout the world (much compensation focused) but it focused attention on occupational safety and disease Introduction of OH&S Acts in most countries with OSHA Act introduced in the USA in 1970 Roben’s Report in the UK 1972

17. 17. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Where are we now? Disease still occurs but at a greatly reduced rate and in different areas This overall improvement appears to be building complacency in some quarters Transfer of hazardous work into under- developed countries without the hazard controls Government focus in this area is being reduced

18. 18. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Where are we now? Regulation is becoming less prescriptive Industry is assuming good governance role (OK for large organisations, but what about small to medium businesses) Litigation becoming a way of life Role of hygienists becoming more critical and demanding due to prevention aspects

19. 19. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Where are we now in O&G Industry? Focus is on safety and process integrity –‘ Don’t have a fire of explosion – The cost is enormous Environment is important – don’t pollute The clean-up cost is enormous. Litigation becoming a way of life Role of hygienists becoming more critical and demanding due to prevention aspects

20. 20. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Definition of Occupational Hygiene “ Occupational Hygiene is the discipline of anticipating, recognizing, evaluating and controlling health hazards in the working environment with the objective of protecting worker health and well-being and safeguarding the community at large” Source: IOHA

21. 21. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Key Tasks of Occupational Hygienists Anticipation Recognition Evaluation Control of workplace health hazards

22. 22. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Anticipation Design review for new projects, processes, or equipment installations Job hazard analysis for major maintenance tasks with emphasis on the health hazards New chemical product evaluations Safety and Health plans for construction, demolition, or remediation projects

23. 23. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Recognition Workplace surveys to identify general health hazards Special surveys — i.e.: asbestos, lead, lighting, indoor air quality Emergency response — i.e. identifying hazards in emergency situations

24. 24. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Evaluation Reviewing process, equipment, or hazardous material physical and chemical data to determine the level of risk for workers Exposure monitoring to measure actual exposures to hazardous agents Decision making regarding the relative risk of exposures to health hazard agents Documentation of exposure assessments

25. 25. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Control Design controls for the protection of workers from health hazard agents Apply controls preferentially according to the occupational hygiene hierarchy of controls Check control systems to assure they are working effectively Design and implement administrative control programs Train workers to understand the hazards and how to protect themselves

26. 26. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Integration of Hygiene into HSE Function There is a need for site OH&S professionals to function as a team Hygienists have special skills, but so do others and we should acknowledge these and work together Co-operation is the key to success on any site

27. 27. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Emergency Response Occupational hygienists can play an important role in supporting emergency response actions at sites Types of assistance –Identification, evaluation & control of spills or vapour releases –Thermal assessments for first responders –Decontamination of workers

28. 28. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Occupational Hygienists Are trained to recognise conditions that give rise to potential health problems –What health effects are possible in the workplace? Need to understand the process –What is causing the health effect? –How are people being exposed? For the oil industry it is: People, Processes & Products

29. 29. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Occupational Hygienists Develop appropriate and cost effective monitoring programs to establish worker exposures –What type of monitoring program is required? –Number of samples to give an accurate estimate of exposure?

30. 30. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Occupational Hygienists Participate in the development of control technologies –Control technologies need to be effective & practical Develop and participate in education programs –Use of monitoring data is important in getting over a message to the workforce

31. 31. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Occupational Hygienists Need to have the appropriate skills to undertake the above tasks How do we develop these skills? –University & professional training –Practical on the job training –Specialised training courses –Mentoring –Networking with other professionals