1. SPART Refresher 2004 What’s new Frank Rossi rossifp@nwlink.comrossifp@nwlink.com

2. Ten Essentials They have been redefined Navigation: Map, Compass, Altimeter, GPS Hydration: Water, Container Sun Protection: Sunglasses, Sunscreen Insulation: extra Clothing Illumination: Headlamp or Flashlight

3. Ten Essentials (con’t) First Aid Supplies: Fire: Matches/Lighter, Firestarter Emergency Shelter: Repair Kit & Tools: Knife, Duct tape Nutrition: extra Food

4. Ten Essentials Plus Signaling for Rescue: –Active: Signal mirror, Whistle, Radio, Cellphone –Passive: Surveyors tape, Reflective cord Insect: Snow Travel: –Shelter Building: Snow shovel, Snow saw –Ground Insulation: Foam sit pad –Avalanche Rescue: Avalanche Beacon, Shovel, Probe

5. Sunscreens SPF rating is only for UVB rays Best UVA ingredients –Mechanical Blockers: Zinc Oxide (Z-Cote) Titanium Dioxide –Chemical Screens Parsol 1789 (avobenzone) Mexoryl SX (available in Canada)

6. Sunscreens with Zinc Oxide Dermatone Sunscreen Lotion SPF 36 (Z-Cote 10%) [3] Sol Sunguard Blue Water SPF 36 (Zn 10%) [3] Long’s Surf Ski Cote w/Zinc Oxide SPF 45+ (Zn 6.86%) [4] Blue Lizard SPF 30+ (Zn 5.7%) [4] Long’s Pacific Sun Triple Action SPF 30 or 50 (Zn 4%, 5%) [5,6] Olay Complete All Day SPF 15 (Zn 3%) [2] Eucerin Extra Protective Moisture Lotion SPF 30 (Zn & Ti) [5] Coppertone Spectra 3 SPF 30 or SPF 50 (Zn _%) [5,6] Sea & Ski SPF 50 Platinum Sunscreen (Zn _%) [4] Available in Canada: –Ombrelle Kids Cream SPF 45 - no Zn but 3 UVA ingredients (Mexoryl SX 3%, Parsol 1789 2%, & Ti 3.6%) [4] [x] = number of Active Ingredients

7. Insect Repellents Mosquito: DEET (controlled release is best) –3m Ultrathon –Sawyer Controlled Release –NOTE: DEET is bad for some plastics No-see-um, Flies: MGK-264 with MGK-326 –Sawyers Broad Spectrum –Cutters Tick Defense For Clothing: Permethrin 0.5% –Permanone –ExOfficio Buzz Off clothing

8. Photon Micro Lights Note the burn times –Yellow 120-hr CR2032 (1ea) –Orange 120-hr CR2032 (1ea) –Red 120-hr CR2032 (1ea) –Green 20-hr CR2016 (2ea) –White 12-hr CR2016 (2ea) –Turquoise 12-hr CR2016 (2ea) –Blue 12-hr CR2016 (2ea) –www.photonlight.comwww.photonlight.com

9. Waterproof/Breathable Fabric eVENT most breathable WB fabric –Integral Designs: Tents and Bivys –Montane Jacket Nexus Epic treated fabric WR/B –Black Diamond tents –Jackets Feathered Friends Wild Things Gear

10. Waterproof Fabric Silicone impregnated Ripstop Nylon, 1.35- oz/sq.yd. (SilNyl, SilNylon, etc.) Seam Sealing –GE Silicone II Clear mixed 1:1 with Mineral Spirits –Also use for strips on floor to reduce sliding

11. Fabric Sources Outdoor Wilderness Fabrics www.owfinc.com www.owfinc.com Quest Outfitters www.questoutfitters.comwww.questoutfitters.com Seattle Fabrics www.seattlefabrics.comwww.seattlefabrics.com Source for Iron-on reflective tape –Textile Outfitters www.justmakeit.comwww.justmakeit.com

12. Stoves, etc. Jetboil Make a Pot Cozy Canister Stoves –Heat small quantities of water –Use heat screen but not around canister Cheapest titanium canister stove: –Markill Hot Rod Titanium #69370 $49.95

13. Lightweight Tents & Tarps Albion’s MO www.albionsmo.comwww.albionsmo.com Black Diamond www.blackdiamondequipment.comwww.blackdiamondequipment.com Cooke www.cookecustomsewing.comwww.cookecustomsewing.com Dancing Light Gear http://trailquest.net/store.htmlhttp://trailquest.net/store.html GoLite www.golite.comwww.golite.com Integral Designs www.integraldesigns.comwww.integraldesigns.com LW Gear www.members.tripod.com/lwgear/ lwg.htmlwww.members.tripod.com/lwgear/ lwg.html Mandatory Gear www.mandatorygear.comwww.mandatorygear.com Moonbow Trail Gear www.moonbowgear.comwww.moonbowgear.com Oware www.owareusa.comwww.owareusa.com

14. LtWt Tents & Tarps (con’t) Six Moon Designs www.sixmoondesigns.comwww.sixmoondesigns.com Stephenson Warmlite www.warmlite.comwww.warmlite.com Tarptent www.tarptent.comwww.tarptent.com Wanderlust www.wanderlustgear.comwww.wanderlustgear.com Other useful sites: –www.equipped.orgwww.equipped.org –www.backpackinglight.comwww.backpackinglight.com

15. Clothing Blister Guard socks with Teflon Feathered Friends www.featheredfriends.com www.featheredfriends.com GoLite www.golite.com www.golite.com Liberty Mountain (Montane) www.libertymountain.com www.libertymountain.com Montbell www.montbell.com/america/index.asp www.montbell.com/america/index.asp Western Mountaineering www.westernmountaineering.com www.westernmountaineering.com Wild Things www.wildthingsgear.com www.wildthingsgear.com

16. Knives Can you open your knife –If your hands are cold and stiff? –With winter gloves or mittens on? –If arthritic? –If you are injured? Can you hold and use it with any of the above? There is a good argument for a fixed blade knife.

17. Fixed Blade Knives Characteristics of a good knife for shelter building and splitting wood. –Style: Scandinavian style knives and blades –Weight: Lightweight, <7-oz w/sheath –Blade:3.5” - 5.5”, Plain (non-serrated), Flat ground or slight concave. –Steel: High Carbon Steel - rusts but easier to sharpen in field (Briwax for rust proof) –Tang: Full length; either Full tang or Full bar tang –Handle: Large, smooth, no finger grooves for comfort –Guard: none

18. Inexpensive fixed-blade knives by Frosts, Mora, Sweden Frosts FT-840 Clipper: High Carbon Steel, Red butt, 3.8-oz w/sheath $13 Frosts FT-860 Clipper: 12C27 Stainless Steel, Orange, Blue, or O.D. butt,3.8-oz w/sheath $13 Frosts S2H Traditional Craftsman: High Carbon Steel, wood handle 3.0-oz w/sheath $13 [Laminated steel avail.] www.alssadventures.com

19. Other fixed-blade knives $50 - $110 Fallkniven: F1 Swedish AF Survival Knife, 6.8-oz $75 Cold Steel: 36JSK or 36C Master Hunter $55 Grohmann: R3SF Boat Knife, Flat ground, 5.6-oz $56 Grohmann: RK2S Bird & Trout, 4.2-oz $56 Bark River Knife & Tool: Woodland, Highland, Northstar $75 Foster Knives: Weishuhn Hunter, Fears Survival $110

20. Saws Why –Useful to cut small trees in Helicopter LZ or Hoist Zone Good saws –Gerber #46036 Exchange-A-Blade folding saw –Supreme Products #PS101 Pocket Chain Saw 28” –Supreme Products #PS109 the Un-Believable Saw 22”

21. New Books 98.6 Degrees: The art of keeping your ass alive. Cody Lundin. 2003. The Outdoor Knots Book. Clyde Soles. 2004 GPS Made Easy. Lawrence Letham. 4th Ed 2003. GPS Navigation Guide. Jack W. Peters. 2003.

22. Stores - Seattle Feathered Friends - 119 Yale N @ Stewart Metsker Maps - 1511 First Ave Outdoor & More - 510 Westlake Ave N Outdoor Research - 2202 1st Ave S @ Walker Pro Mountain Sports - 5625 University Way NE Pro Ski Service - 8954 Aurora Ave N Second Ascent - 5209 Ballard Ave NW Seattle Fabrics -8702 Aurora Ave N

23. Magnetic Declination At Snoqualmie Pass - May 15, 2004 18° 00’ E [rate of change -7’/year] www.ngdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/seg/gmag/ declination1.p1www.ngdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/seg/gmag/ declination1.p1

24. WGS84 to NAD27 NOTE WGS84 = NAD83 Transformations at Snoqualmie Pass –Meters: Lat. +18.4m; Long. -91.0m –Seconds: Lat. +0.60”; Long. -4.34” –Minutes: Lat. +0.010’; Long. -0.072’ –Total sift: 92.8 meters www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/nadcon.pr1