1. Subjects in the FR family Gordon Dunsire Presented at the CC:DA/SAC joint meeting, ALA Annual, 27 June 2011

2. Overview Functional Requirements and Resource Description Framework Semantics and inferencing Treatment of subject in each FR model Reconciling the models Some open questions

3. FR family history Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) published in 1997/8 Amended and corrected 2009 Functional Requirements for Authority Date (FRAD) published in 2009 Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) published in 2010

4. FR in RDF FR models represented in Resource Description Framework (RDF) FRBR Namespace project RDF is basis of the Semantic Web Representations made separately for each model to recapitulate historical development Learning curve for FRBR Review Group Informs development of consolidated model

5. Resource Description Framework Metadata expressed as atomic statements A simple, single, irreducible statement The title of this book is Treasure island Metadata statement constructed in 3 parts: a triple Subject of the statement = Subject: This book Nature of the statement = Predicate: has title Value of the statement = Object: Treasure island This book – has title – Treasure island subject – predicate - object

6. RDF triple Subject and predicate MUST be machine- identifiable Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Object MAY be a URI, or a literal Treasure Island Predicate = RDF Property

7. E-R in RDF Set of individuals with similar characteristics EntityClass PropertyRelationship Relates one individual to another individual or value

8. Property domain and range A property links two specific things The subject and object of a triple using the property This book – has subject – that topic A property may be defined to indicate the type (class) of thing that is its subject: Domain A property may indicate the class that is its object: Range

9. DomainLabelRange Bookhas subjectTopic This thing – has subject – that thing Implies: This thing – is a – Book That thing – is a – Topic Book and Topic are classes (types of thing) Inferencing (1)

10. Inferencing (2) A sub-class is a sub-type of thing A sub-property is a refinement of a property The domain or range of a sub-property is a sub-class of the domain or range of the property Therefore a thing which is of the class of the domain or range of a triple using a sub- property is also of the class of the domain or range of the property

11. Corporate Body Manifestation Person Expression Work Item Concept Object Event Place Work has as subject FRBR Subject relationships: E-R diagram Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 [is subject of]

12. FRBR Subject relationships: RDF properties DomainLabelRange Workhas as subject (work)Work has as subject (expression)Expression Workhas as subject (manifestation)Manifestation Workhas as subject (item)Item Workhas as subject (person)Person Workhas as subject (corporate body)Corporate Body Workhas as subject (concept)Concept Workhas as subject (object)Object Workhas as subject (event)Event Workhas as subject (place)Place

13. FRBR Subject relationships: RDF inverse properties DomainLabelRange Workis subject (work) ofWork Expressionis subject (expression) ofWork Manifestationis subject (manifestation) ofWork Itemis subject (item) ofWork Personis subject (person) ofWork Corporate Bodyis subject (corporate body) ofWork Conceptis subject (concept) ofWork Objectis subject (object) ofWork Eventis subject (event) ofWork Placeis subject (place) ofWork

14. FRAD treatment of subject (1) New attribute of FRBR Work entity Subject of the work The subject aspects of the work and its content. Includes information about the subject of the work. Includes classification numbers. New Family entity Added to the FRBR high-level E-R diagram Adds subject relationship between Work and Family

15. FRAD treatment of subject (2) Descriptive relationship The relationship between a target work or expression or manifestation or item and a new work that refers to that target as its subject (e.g., criticism, commentary, review, casebook, etc., and the object of that analysis). This type of relationship is usually expressed in bibliographic data through a subject controlled access point for the target work rather than through authority data.

16. FRAD treatment of subject (3) Controlled access point/Corresponding subject term or classification number relationship The relationship between the controlled access point for the name of an entity (for a person, family, corporate body, work, expression, manifestation, item, concept, object, event, place) and a subject term in a controlled vocabulary, and/or a classification number for that entity. Here the subject term and the classification number may also be viewed as parallel names/identifiers for the name of the same entity.

17. FRAD Subject relationships: RDF properties DomainLabelRange Workhas subject of the work Workhas as subject (family)Family Workis descriptive work of[Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item] Controlled Access Point has corresponding subject term or classification number [] Not a subject of relationship

18. FRAD Subject relationships: RDF inverse properties DomainLabelRange Familyis subject (family) ofWork [Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item] is descriptive work ofWork

19. FRSAD: E-R diagram Work Thema has as subject Nomen has appellation is subject of is appellation of

20. FRSAD Subject relationships: RDF properties DomainLabelRange Workhas as subjectThema FRSAD Subject relationships: RDF inverse properties DomainLabelRange Themais subject ofWork

21. Thema Work Corporate Body Manifestation Person Expression Work Item Concept Object Event Place has as subject FRBR/FRSAD: E-R diagram Family Nomen has appellation is appellation of has as subject is subject of

22. frbrer:has as subject (G3)WorkG3frsad:has as subjectWorkThemafrbrer:has as subject (G2)WorkG2frbrer:has as subject (G1)WorkG1frad:is descriptive work ofWorkG1frad:has subject of the workWork is a sub-property of Implies: G3 – is a sub-class of – Thema G2 – is a sub-class of – Thema G1 – is a sub-class of – Thema

23. Is Thema a class? (In a non-trivial sense) Any thing can be a thema (?) Thema has only 2 attributes Type Scope note Does this imply that Thema is an equivalent class to Thing (the class of all classes)?

24. Reconciling Nomen Nomen is a class of labels? There are many label-type classes in the FR family FRAD: Controlled Access Point, Name (of a Person, etc.) FRBR properties with no range: titles, terms, designations, etc. Relationship with SKOSXL class Label?

25. Thank you gordon@gordondunsire.com Sponsors ALA Cataloging & Classification Quarterly MARCIVE, Inc.