1. Database : collection of information. data management tool. huge volumes. like a filing system. providing answers.

2. Where are Databases? airline scheduling & reservations. banking and financial institutions. student records. calendar & appointment software. inventory systems. Geographic Information System (GIS)

3. Technically : Database - collection of information. Database Software : –maintains the collection. –DBMS : Database Management System. database is like the books in the library, database software is like the librarian.

4. Typically : “database” refers to the entire thing, the information and the management software. at the library the books, the librarian, the system for organizing and accessing the books are all needed.

5. Database Operations browsing – looking through. query – a question you ask. sort – ordering data. report – present desired info.

6. Database Terms table – organized as tables. record – row, info about an item. field – column, attribute of the item. field type – restrict what can got in a field (calculated, numeric, data, etc) view – how you see the data form : one record and a time list : as a table

7. Relational Database information is broken into tables that are related. information is stored only once, and tables are linked when the data is needed. there may be hundreds of tables. DBMS takes care of this for you. most databases are relational.

8. Database Example want to track what animals we have in the store. when a sale is made, we want to know who the pet is going to so we can call and check-up on how the animal is doing.

9. Database Example About the animals: Pet name Type of animal Price How many of each type About the humans: Name Phone number What animal they bought What date did they buy the animal?

10. Example… Initial Tables Pet NameAnimal TypePriceNumber GeorgeIguana$251 AliceAlligator$1002 AnnieAlligator$1002 GregCat$754 MikeRat$151 Client NamePhoneAnimal Bought Animal Type PaidDate Bob Green111-1111GregCat$75May 1, 2001 Sara Apple555-5555MikeRat$15June 3, 2001 Elvis Brown888-8888AliceAlligator$100April 8, 2001 Bob Green111-1111GeorgeIguana$20Sept 2, 2001

11. Database Example What needs to be updated when an animal is sold? What if a regular customer changes phone numbers? What if the price of a type of animal increases? Are we storing redundant information? What if we want to sort by Client name?

12. New Table Design price AnimalTypePrice Alligator$100 Cat$75 Rat$15 Iguana$25 animal AnimalNameType AliceAlligator GregCat MikeRat AnnieAlligator GeorgeIguana client FirstNameLastNamePhone BobGreen111-1111 SaraApple555-5555 ElvisBrown888-8888 sale PhoneAnimalDatePaid 111-1111Greg May 1, 2001$75 888-8888Alice April 8, 2001$100 555-5555Mike June 3, 2001$15 111-1111George Sept 2, 2001$20

13. Database Terms AnimalTypePrice Alligator$100 Cat$75 Rat$15 Iguana$25 AnimalNameType AliceAlligator GregCat MikeRat AnnieAlligator GeorgeIguana attributefield record relation table

14. Query request specific info meeting some criteria : “What is Bob Green’s phone number?” “What month sees the most sales of alligators and iguanas?” How many times has Bob Green bought animals?”

15. SQL Structured Query Language used by many database programs. may be hidden from the user. SELECT type FROM animal WHERE name = “Alice” SELECT lastName FROM client WHERE sale.Animal=“Alice

16. Data Mining data or knowledge discovery. analyzing data from different perspectives. summarizing into useful information. find new relationships, look for patterns, trends, anomalies. increase revenue, cuts costs?

17. Data Mining Example analyze buying patterns : when men buy diapers on Thursdays and Saturdays they also tend to buy beer. these shoppers typically did their weekly grocery shopping on Saturdays - on Thursday, they just picked up a few things. put beer display closer to diaper display, sell beer and diapers at full price on Thursdays and Saturdays.

18. Databases & the Web xml vs. html dynamic web pages. easy access to data.

19. Object Oriented Database different than the relational model. database is populated with virtual objects. objects maintain information about themselves, and have methods they can perform.

20. batch processing & real time. mainframe, client/server, & distributed. multimedia databases. natural language queries. Other Database Trends

21. easy to collect information. collecting information just because you can. what happens to the data that is collected? who owns the information about you? Privacy Issues :

22. not new to computers, computers just make it easier. credit history, identity theft, mailing lists, marketing. –data errors are common. –data may last forever. –data is not necessarily secure. Privacy Issues :