1. PC Maintenance: Preparing for A+ Certification Chapter 16: Monitors

2. Chapter 16 Objectives Identify types of monitors Identify types of monitors Explain how CRTs and LCDs work Explain how CRTs and LCDs work Describe measurements of monitor quality Describe measurements of monitor quality Configure multiple monitors in Windows Configure multiple monitors in Windows Adjust refresh rate in Windows Adjust refresh rate in Windows Adjust a monitor using its onscreen controls Adjust a monitor using its onscreen controls

3. Types of Monitors CRT CRT Shadow Mask Shadow Mask Aperture Grille Aperture Grille Slot Mask Slot Mask LCD LCD Passive Matrix Passive Matrix Active Matrix Active Matrix TFT TFT

4. How CRTs Work Electron gun makes phosphors glow Electron gun makes phosphors glow Phosphors must be continually refreshed Phosphors must be continually refreshed

5. Triads A set of red, green, and blue dots A set of red, green, and blue dots Separate electron guns for each color Separate electron guns for each color

6. Dot Pitch Measurement of monitor quality Measurement of monitor quality Distance between two phosphors of the same color in adjacent triads Distance between two phosphors of the same color in adjacent triads

7. Shadow Mask Screen that keeps the electron beams aligned to focus on the correct phosphors Screen that keeps the electron beams aligned to focus on the correct phosphors

8. Liquid Crystal Diode (LCD) Two polarized filters with liquid crystal between them Two polarized filters with liquid crystal between them Light must pass through all three items to make it to the display Light must pass through all three items to make it to the display

9. How LCDs Work One filter is at an angle so by default light cannot pass through it One filter is at an angle so by default light cannot pass through it

10. How LCDs Work When electricity is applied to the crystal, it twists When electricity is applied to the crystal, it twists Light refracts through twisted crystal and passes through second filter Light refracts through twisted crystal and passes through second filter

11. Color LCD Additional filter splits the light into separate cells for red, green, and blue Additional filter splits the light into separate cells for red, green, and blue No need for a mask (no electrons) No need for a mask (no electrons)

12. Passive Matrix One transistor for each row and each column in the display One transistor for each row and each column in the display

13. Double-Scan Passive Matrix Extra row of transistors Extra row of transistors

14. Active Matrix One transistor for each pixel at the maximum resolution One transistor for each pixel at the maximum resolution

15. Thin Film Transistor (TFT) Multiple transistors per pixel Multiple transistors per pixel Found on all modern LCD screens Found on all modern LCD screens

16. Measurements of Monitor Quality Maximum Resolution Maximum Resolution Dot Pitch Dot Pitch Viewable Image Size Viewable Image Size Maximum Refresh Rate (at a certain resolution) Maximum Refresh Rate (at a certain resolution) Adjustment capabilities Adjustment capabilities Interface (VGA, DV-I, BNC) Interface (VGA, DV-I, BNC)

17. Connecting Multiple Monitors Two video cards, or single card with multiple outputs Two video cards, or single card with multiple outputs Windows should recognize both video cards Windows should recognize both video cards Display Properties show the multiple monitors in Windows Display Properties show the multiple monitors in Windows

18. Configuring Multiple Monitors in Windows Choose to extend desktop onto secondary monitor if desired Choose to extend desktop onto secondary monitor if desired Otherwise both monitors will show same image Otherwise both monitors will show same image

19. Installing a Monitor Driver Not really a driver: INF file only Not really a driver: INF file only Tells Windows maximum refresh rate and resolution of monitor Tells Windows maximum refresh rate and resolution of monitor Install from Device Manager or with Add/Remove Hardware Wizard Install from Device Manager or with Add/Remove Hardware Wizard

20. Refresh Rate Important to have monitor correctly identified in Windows first Important to have monitor correctly identified in Windows first Too-high setting can damage monitor Too-high setting can damage monitor Windows hides resolutions not supported by monitor (as identified) Windows hides resolutions not supported by monitor (as identified) Use Optimal setting if available Use Optimal setting if available If not, use any setting 85hz or above If not, use any setting 85hz or above Higher setting means less flicker Higher setting means less flicker

21. Set the Refresh Rate From Display Properties, find screen refresh rate setting for monitor From Display Properties, find screen refresh rate setting for monitor Windows 2000/XP: Settings tab, Advanced button, Monitor tab Windows 2000/XP: Settings tab, Advanced button, Monitor tab

22. Set the Refresh Rate Windows 9x/Me: Settings tab, Advanced button, Adapter tab Windows 9x/Me: Settings tab, Advanced button, Adapter tab

23. Adjusting a Monitor On-screen controls provided in monitor itself On-screen controls provided in monitor itself No relationship to PC or operating system No relationship to PC or operating system

24. Adjusting a Monitor Brightness: light in the display Brightness: light in the display Contrast: difference between light and dark Contrast: difference between light and dark Geometry: tilt and shape of picture onscreen Geometry: tilt and shape of picture onscreen Size: overall taller or shorter, wider or narrower Size: overall taller or shorter, wider or narrower Centering: picture’s position within monitor Centering: picture’s position within monitor Convergence: relationship of red, green, blue phosphors in the triads to one another Convergence: relationship of red, green, blue phosphors in the triads to one another Color: overall tint and saturation of picture Color: overall tint and saturation of picture

25. Servicing a CRT Monitor Not usually done by regular PC technicians Not usually done by regular PC technicians Risk of electrocution, 30,000 volts Risk of electrocution, 30,000 volts High-voltage capacitor retains charge for many months after unplugged High-voltage capacitor retains charge for many months after unplugged Before working on a monitor, technician must discharge the capacitor Before working on a monitor, technician must discharge the capacitor