1. Some Background for our Deliberations Daniel E. Atkins Professor of Information and EECS University of Michigan Ann Arbor atkins@umich.edu Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future

2. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future Enabling and Motivating Trends digital convergence structured processable Push Pull

3. Enabling and Motivating a CI Initiative ASC PACI’s Pittsburgh TCS Distributed Terascale Facility Some ITR Projects Digital Library Initiatives Networking Initiatives Middleware Initiatives Other CISE Research Cyber- Infrastructure Initiative Initiatives in non-CISE Directorates NSB Research Infrastructure Review Initiatives in DOE, NIH, DOD, NASA, … International Initiatives: UK e-science, Earth Simulator, EU Grid & 6th Framework Scientific Data Collection/Curation Collaboratories

4. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future Computational Ubiquitous appliances

5. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future Content Digital everything; exponential growth; conversion and born-digital. S&E literature is digital. Microfilm-> digital for preservation. Digital libraries are real and getting better. Distributed (global scale), multi-media, multi-disciplinary observational. Huge volume. Need for large-scale, enduring, professionally managed/curated data repositories. Increasing demand for easier finding, reuse: data mining, interdisciplinary data federation. New modes of scholarly communication: what’s publishing? what’s a publication? IP, openness, ownership, privacy, security issues

6. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future Interactivity Networking - machine to machine Interfaces - human to machine Smart sensors, instruments, arrays - machine to physical world Organizational - Interactive distributed systems systems; knowledge (work) environments; virtual communities.

7. Organizational Interactivity: Knowledge Environments for Science, Streams of Activity GRIDS (broadly defined) E-science CI-enabled Science & Engineering Research & Education Science-driven pilots (not using above labels) ITFRU Scholarly communication in the digital age Web-services Semantic Web Co-laboratory, collaboratory Virtual communities

8. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future Components of KES

9. LIGO ATLAS and CMS NVO and ALMA The number of nation-scale projects is growing rapidly! Climate Change Cyberinfrastructure Enabled Science

10. Cyberinfrastructure is a First-Class Tool for Science

11. Four LHC Experiments: The Petabyte to Exabyte Challenge ATLAS, CMS, ALICE, LHCB Higgs + New particles; Quark-Gluon Plasma; CP Violation Data stored ~40 Petabytes/Year and UP; CPU 0.30 Petaflops and UP Data stored ~40 Petabytes/Year and UP; CPU 0.30 Petaflops and UP 0.1 to 1 Exabyte (1 EB = 10 18 Bytes) (2007) (~2012 ?) for the LHC Experiments 0.1 to 1 Exabyte (1 EB = 10 18 Bytes) (2007) (~2012 ?) for the LHC Experiments

12. Crab Nebula in 4 spectral regions X-ray, optical, infrared, radio

13. Carbon Assimilation CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O VOCs Dust Heat Moisture Momentum Climate Temperature, Precipitation, Radiation, Humidity, Wind Chemistry CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O ozone, aerosols Microclimate Canopy Physiology Species Composition Ecosystem Structure Nutrient Availability Water Disturbance Fires Hurricanes Ice Storms Windthrows Evaporation Transpiration Snow Melt Infiltration Runoff Gross Primary Production Plant Respiration Microbial Respiration Nutrient Availability Ecosystems Species Composition Ecosystem Structure Watersheds Surface Water Subsurface Water Geomorphology Biogeophysics EnergyWater Aero- dynamics Biogeochemistry Mineralization Decomposition Hydrology Soil Water Snow Inter- cepted Water Phenology Bud Break Leaf Senescence Hydrologic Cycle Vegetation Dynamics Minutes-To-Hours Days-To-Weeks Years-To-Centuries Components Of Terrestrial Biogeoscience Gordon Bonan

14. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation Field Equipment Laboratory Equipment Remote Users High- Performance Network(s) Instrumented Structures and Sites Leading Edge Computation Curated Data Repository Laboratory Equipment Global Connections

15. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future A Single Facility at Sondrestrom, Greenland

16. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future UARC Interface team chat dynamic work rooms Real-time ground instrumentsArchival dataJournals instruments computational models annotation Session replay

17. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future

18. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future Evolved into a Facilities Network (global instrument)

19. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future UARC Patterns of Communication

20. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future Vignettes from UARC/SPARC Shared, tele-instruments & expertise. Rapid response, opportunistic campaigns. Multi-eyes, complementary expertise. Isolated instruments to global instrument chain. Cross-mentoring/training. New & earlier opportunities/exposure for grad students. Enhanced participation. Legitimate peripheral participation. Support for authentic, inquiry-based learning at UG and pre-college level. Distributed data analysis workshops Session re-play for delayed participation. Data-theory closure. Living specification to stretch visions.

21. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future Preparing for the Revolution (ITFRU) Both available at www.nap.edu

22. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future Comprehensive & synergistic view of ITFRU

23. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future Some Issues Feedback loop between advanced computation and need to interdisciplinary collaboration, data and model federation. Activities can use 4 different variations of same and different, time and place. What activities in a knowledge process fit best where? “Distance matters” but technology can make it “better than being there.” Functional completeness; thresholds for adoption. Potential for capture and mining of process, not just output of a collaboration. Educational needs; educational impact.

24. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future “Borromean Ring*” teams needed for successful KES. *Three symmetric, interlocking rings, no two of which are interlinked. Removing one destroys the synergy. Disciplinary, multi- disciplinary research communities People & Society Social & Behavioral Sciences Computer & Information, Science& Engineering Iterative, participatory design; collateral learning.

25. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future Are we at a special point in time? digital convergence structured processable

26. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future “Virtual” definition 1. Existing or resulting in essence or effect though not in actual fact, form, or name: the virtual extinction of the buffalo. 2. Existing in the mind, especially as a product of the imagination. Used in literary criticism of a text. 3. Computer Science Created, simulated, or carried on by means of a computer or computer network: virtual conversations in a chatroom.

27. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future “Virtual” usage notes When virtual was first introduced in the computational sense, it applied to things simulated by the computer, like virtual memory—that is, memory that is not actually built into the processor. Over time, though, the adjective has been applied to things that really exist and are created or carried on by means of computers. Virtual conversations are conversations that take place over computer networks, and virtual communities are genuine social groups that assemble around the use of e-mail, webpages, and other networked resources. The adjectives virtual and digital and the prefixes e- and cyber- are all used in various ways to denote things, activities, and organizations that are realized or carried out chiefly in an electronic medium. There is considerable overlap in the use of these items: people may speak either of virtual communities or of cybercommunities and of e-cash or cybercash. To a certain extent the choice of one or another of these is a matter of use or convention (or in some cases, of finding an unregistered brand name). But there are certain tendencies. Digital is the most comprehensive of the words, and can be used for almost any device or activity that makes use of or is based on computer technology, such as a digital camera or a digital network. Virtual tends to be used in reference to things that mimic their “real” equivalents. Thus a digital library would be simply a library that involves information technology, whether a brick-and-mortar library equipped with networked computers or a library that exists exclusively in electronic form, whereas a virtual library could only be the latter of these. The prefix e- is generally preferred when speaking of the commercial applications of the the Web, as in e-commerce, e- cash, and e-business, whereas cyber- tends to be used when speaking of the computer or of networks from a broader cultural point of view, as in cybersex, cyberchurch, and cyberspace. But like everything else in this field, such usages are evolving rapidly, and it would be rash to try to predict how these expressions will be used in the future. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.

28. Symposium on Knowledge Environments for Science: Past, Present and Future How do we make the virtual more real?