2. Homework Due Thursday Read Ch. 10-2 and answer questions 1(a, b) and 2 (a, b, c) (found on page 297) on a separate sheet of paper. Please use complete sentences.Read Ch. 10-2 and answer questions 1(a, b) and 2 (a, b, c) (found on page 297) on a separate sheet of paper. Please use complete sentences.

3. Vocabulary MuhammadMuhammad NomadsNomads CaravanCaravan MeccaMecca MosqueMosque QuranQuran BedouinsBedouins ScarceScarce OasisOasis Submit (two definitionsSubmit (two definitions Ka’abaKa’aba MuezzinMuezzin Hijra (hejira)Hijra (hejira) PillarPillar Hajj (haj)Hajj (haj) AlmsgivingAlmsgiving FastingFasting PilgrimagePilgrimage Shi’ite (Shi’a)Shi’ite (Shi’a) SunniSunni

4. 5Ws of Muhammad WHO: Prophet, Messenger, Arab, successful merchant, founder of IslamWHO: Prophet, Messenger, Arab, successful merchant, founder of Islam WHERE: Mecca, Arabia (Saudi Arabia, Asia, Middle East); Yathrib (Medina); crossroads of two major trade routes; ancient pilgrimage site for Arab religion before IslamWHERE: Mecca, Arabia (Saudi Arabia, Asia, Middle East); Yathrib (Medina); crossroads of two major trade routes; ancient pilgrimage site for Arab religion before Islam WHAT: Islam means “submission” to the will of AllahWHAT: Islam means “submission” to the will of Allah

5. 5Ws of Muhammad WHEN:WHEN: -- 570 Muhammad born in Mecca -- 595 marries Khadija -- 610 Gabriel calls on Muhammad -- 622 Muhammad fled Mecca for Medina (hijra, ruler, lawgiver) -- 630 Muhammad returns to Mecca; becomes center of Islam -- 632 Muhammad dies

6. WHY One of the 3 major western religionsOne of the 3 major western religions 2 nd largest in the world2 nd largest in the world Influence extremely important to western history and civilizationInfluence extremely important to western history and civilization Influence important TODAYInfluence important TODAY

9. Islam  An Abrahamic Religion  Muslims are monotheists.  They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.  Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. Peoples of the Book

10. Abraham’s Genealogy ABRAHAM SARAH HAGAR Isaac Esau Jacob 12 Tribes of Israel Ishmael 12 Arabian Tribes

11. The Prophetic Tradition Adam Noah Abraham Moses Jesus Muhammad

13. The Origins of the Qur’an  Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.  622  Hijrah  Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)  Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.

14. The Qur’an  Muslims believe it contains the word of God.  114 suras (chapters).  In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful.  Written in Arabic.

16. 1. The Shahada 1 1  The testimony.  The declaration of faith: There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet]. There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet].

17. 2. The Salat 2 2  The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed  Wash before praying.  Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.

18. 2. The Salat 2 2  The call to prayer by the muezzin in the minaret.  Pray in the mosque on Friday.

19. 3. The Zakat 3 3  Almsgiving (charitable donations).  Muslims believe that all things belong to God.  Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.”  About 2.5% of your income.

20. 4. The Sawm 4 4  Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.  Considered a method of self- purification.  No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan.

21. Eid Mubarak End of the Ramadan holiday.

22. 5. The Hajj 5 5  The pilgrimage to Mecca.  Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime.  2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year.

23. 5. The Hajj 5 5  Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the title hajji to their name.

24. The Dar al-Islam 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 The World of Islam

25. The Mosque  The Muslim place of worship.

26. The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven.

27. Essential Question: Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and convert so many to the new religion?

28. The Spread of Islam  Easy to learn and practice.  No priesthood.  Teaches equality.  Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.  Easily “portable”  nomads & trade routes.  Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

29. Muslims in the World Today

30. Countries with the Largest Muslim Population 1.Indonesia183,000,0006.Iran62,000,000 2.Pakistan134,000,0007.Egypt59,000,000 3.India121,000,0008.Nigeria53,000,000 4.Bangladesh114,000,0009.Algeria31,000,000 5.Turkey66,000,00010.Morocco29,000,000 * Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world.

36. The Spread of Islam Byzantine Empire – Syria (Damascus), Palestine (Jerusalem)Byzantine Empire – Syria (Damascus), Palestine (Jerusalem) Persian Empire – IraqPersian Empire – Iraq Egypt – CairoEgypt – Cairo North Africa – MoroccoNorth Africa – Morocco Europe – Spain, FranceEurope – Spain, France Asia – India, China (later spread to Southeast Asia)Asia – India, China (later spread to Southeast Asia) East Africa (Ethiopia)East Africa (Ethiopia)

37. Why rapid success? Byzantine and Persian empires fought each other so long, couldn’t withstand attack; those living under Bs and Ps welcomed Arabs!Byzantine and Persian empires fought each other so long, couldn’t withstand attack; those living under Bs and Ps welcomed Arabs! Arab fighting techniques – Bedouin tradition – excellent on camels and horsesArab fighting techniques – Bedouin tradition – excellent on camels and horses Common Faith – Islam unified them; also belief that paradise was promised to those who fell in battle.Common Faith – Islam unified them; also belief that paradise was promised to those who fell in battle.

38. Sunni vs. Shiite (Shia) Sunnis believe that caliph chosen by leaders of Muslim communitySunnis believe that caliph chosen by leaders of Muslim community Pious (upstanding) MuslimPious (upstanding) Muslim Leader, NOT religious authorityLeader, NOT religious authority 90 % of Muslims today90 % of Muslims today Caliph should be descendants of MuhammadCaliph should be descendants of Muhammad Caliph is divinely inspiredCaliph is divinely inspired Fatima (Muhammad’s daughter) and her husband, AliFatima (Muhammad’s daughter) and her husband, Ali Today: Lebanon, Iran, Iraq and YemenToday: Lebanon, Iran, Iraq and Yemen

39. Islam Becomes Universal Umayyad Dynasty until 750 CE from DamascusUmayyad Dynasty until 750 CE from Damascus Abbasid Dynasty (Baghdad; non-Arab) until 1258; made Islam truly universal religion; Golden Age of Islam; Caliph Harun al-RashidAbbasid Dynasty (Baghdad; non-Arab) until 1258; made Islam truly universal religion; Golden Age of Islam; Caliph Harun al-Rashid Seljuk Turks, 900s, from Central Asia, took over Byzantine EmpireSeljuk Turks, 900s, from Central Asia, took over Byzantine Empire By 1200s, empire fragmented but Islam continued to unite all independent states. That area is known as “Dar al-Islam” (House of Islam)By 1200s, empire fragmented but Islam continued to unite all independent states. That area is known as “Dar al-Islam” (House of Islam)