2. Water World

3. Ocean Zones

4. Coral Reef

5. Tubeworms

6. Freshwater Biome Zones

7. Eutrophic Lake

8. Oligotrophic Lake

9. Rivers & Streams

10. Wetlands

11. Estuary

13. Rachel Carson
Silent Spring
1962 DDT

14. Biogeography

15. Geographic Range

16. Wide Geographic Range

17. Dispersal-Actual-Potential Range

18. Introduced Species “Africanized Bees/Zebra Mussels

19. Predator-Prey Relationships

20. Biomes:Temperature-Precipitation

21. Biome Distribution

22. Biome?

23. Biome?

24. Biome?

25. Biome?

26. Biome?

27. Biome?

28. Biome?

29. Biome?

30. Climate Lighting

31. The Seasons: Axis

32. Global Wind Patterns

33. Rain-shadow Affect

34. Upwelling

35. Climate Change

36. Dam Distribution

37. Ethology

38. Behavior-Nature vs. Nurture?

39. FAP: Fixed Action Pattern

40. Behavioral Ecology

41. Song Bird Variation Fitness in Mating

42. Cost-Benefit Foraging Analysis

43. Learned Performance Behavior Maturation, Habituation

44. Imprinting Konrad Lorenz

45. Sensitive Period

46. Open-ended Learning

47. Associative Learning, Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning

48. Play

49. Cognition Kinesis, Taxis, Cognitive Maps

50. Migration Piloting, Orientation, Navigation

51. Conciousness Are animals “aware” of themselves?

52. Competition

53. Antagonist Behavior

55. Reconciliation Behavior

56. Territorial Behavior

57. Marking Territory

58. Courtship Behavior Promiscuous, Monogamy,Polygamous,Polyandry

59. Pheromones

60. Bee Dances Round vs. Waggle

61. Altruism Decrease in individual Fitness, Increase in Group

62. Inclusive Fitness

63. Hamilton’s Rule of Kin Selection: The rule is as follows: rB > C The more closely related two individuals are, the greater the value of altruism.

64. Sociobiology

65. Population

66. Clumped Disperion

67. Uniform

68. Random-Independent

69. Demography, Life Table, Cohort

70. Surviorship Curves I: Low Death Early II: Equal III. High Death Early

71. Semelparity-Big Bang Iteroparity-Constant

72. Mortality Rates-Reproduction

73. Population Change
Using mathematical notation we can express this relationship as follows:
If N represents population size, and t represents time, then N is the change is population size and t represents the change in time, then:
N/t = B-D
Where B is the number of births and D is the number of deaths

74. Population Change
We can simplify the equation and use r to represent the difference in per capita birth and death rates.
N/t = rN OR dN/dt = rN
If B = D then there is zero population growth (ZPG).
Under ideal conditions, a population grows rapidly.
Exponential population growth is said to be happening
Under these conditions, we may assume the maximum growth rate for the population (rmax) to give us the following exponential growth
dN/dt = rmaxN

75. Exponential Growth

76. Logistic Growth Typically, unlimited resources are rare.
Population growth is therefore regulated by carrying capacity (K), which is the maximum stable population size a particular environment can support.

77. Logistic Growth The logistic growth equation
We can modify our model of population growth to incorporate changes in growth rate as population size reaches a carrying capacity.
The logistic population growth model incorporates the effect of population density on the rate of increase.

78. Carrying Capacity

79. Growth Curves

80. Logistic Growth

81. K-R Life Histories
In K-selection, organisms live and reproduce around K, and are sensitive to population density.
In r-selection, organisms exhibit high rates of reproduction and occur in variable environments in which population densities fluctuate well below K.

82. Density Dependence-Independence

83. Resource Limitations-Reproduction Rates

84. Interspecific Relationships

85. Demographic Transition

86. The Plague

87. Age Structure

88. Human Population
Predictions of the human population vary from 7.3 to 10.7 billion people by the year 2050.
Will the earth be overpopulated by this time?

89. Ecological Footprint
Six types of ecologically productive areas are distinguished in calculating the ecological footprint:
Land suitable for crops.
Pasture.
Forest.
Ocean.
Built-up land.
Fossil energy land.

90. Ecological Footprint

91. Competitive Exclusion Principle

92. Resource Partitioning

93. Character Displacement-Sympatric Species

94. Cryptic Coloration

95. Aposematic Coloration “Warning”

96. Batesian Mimicry Harmless Depicts Harmful

97. Mullerian Mimicry Resemblance

98. Trophic Structure

99. Food Webs

100. Biomass-Keystone Species

102. Phosphorus Cycle

105. Succession

106. Secondary Succession

107. Secondary Succession