1. Miss Glass 1 February 2011

2. Puritan Life In America Sought religious freedom  Separate from Church of England Theocracy: a union of church and state. Puritan Beliefs:  Predestined for heaven  Rigid rules and beliefs  To be different meant to be controlled by evil  Preached “fire and brimstone”  threatening punishment in the hereafter

3. Salem, Massachusetts  Northeast of Boston  Established: 1626  Salem means “City of Peace”  Roger Conant and John Endicott

4. 1692 Salem History  A Great Divide  Salem Town: wealthy merchants; trade with London  Salem Village: poor farmers wanted independence  Salem Village divisions  Merchants vs. Farmers  Reverend Samuel Parris

5. A History of Witch Hunts  Definition of “witch” in the 17 th Century  One who had made a pact with the devil (the Christian embodiment of evil) by exchanging soul for evil powers  Sin because denied God’s superiority  16 th and 17 th century Europe: 1-9 million accused and executed  Practiced surviving folk customs from Pre- Christian times  Viewed as “heresy” http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/salem/bcr/salem/salem.html

6. A History of Witch Hunts  1484: Pope Innocent VIII, Germany  Casting spells to destroy crops & abort infants  1500-1660: Reformation in Europe  50,000-80,000 suspected witches executed.  1536: Henry VIII of England  Accused Anne Boleyn, of witchcraft  1591: James I of England  Largest witch hunt in British history

7. Salem Witch Trials, 1692

8. Salem Witchcraft Trials, 1692  How did it all begin?  Minister’s daughter and other girls were affected by seizures and fits of unconsciousness  No medical explanation  Tituba, Sarah Good, And Sarah Osburne named as witches  Tituba admitted to witchcraft  Girls continued to accuse  No proof other than someone’s accusation was required  Must admit to witchcraft, repent, and name associates  In the end, 20 people executed and at least 150 jailed

9. Connect to Communism  Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)  Investigated un-American & subversive activities  Late 1940s-1950s known as the “Red Scare”  Heightened fear of Communist influence on American institutions and espionage by Soviet agents  Senator Joseph McCarthy from Wisconsin  Claimed 200 Communists had infiltrated the US government

10. McCarthy Investigations  McCarthy led investigations  Mostly government employees, union members, writers, and entertainers  320 artists placed on blacklist, which ended their careers  Hollywood Blacklist: “We will not knowingly employ a Communist or a member of any party or group which advocates the overthrow of the government of the United States”  Must name other members of the party in order to prove abandoned left-wing views

11. McCarthy’s Downfall  McCarthy began televised hearings into Communists in the US Army  “McCarthy has shown himself to be evil and unmatched in malice.”  McCarthy’s actions condemned December 2, 1954  “Red Scare” hysteria calmed down

12. Arthur Miller  Born 1915 in NY  1932: Graduate from Lincoln HS  Took two years to earn money for tuition  1934: Enroll at University of Michigan  Began writing drama in college  1947: All My Sons opened on Broadway  1949: Won Pulitzer Prize for Death of a Salesman  1953: The Crucible

13. Repercussions of The Crucible  After The Crucible, Miller was investigated for possible associations with the Communist Party  1956: Married Marilyn Monroe  Marriage lasted 5 years  1956: Called to testify before the House Committee on Un-American Activities  Never joined Communist party but advocated social justice and equality  Refused to discuss associates  Found in contempt of Congress