1. Principles of Rocketry

2. Isaac Newton's 3 rd law of Motion For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

3. What is the Action? Solid Fuel Rockets Solid Fuel Rockets Fuel in solid form burns and is converted to hot gasses Fuel in solid form burns and is converted to hot gasses Hot gasses expand and create high pressure Hot gasses expand and create high pressure Pressure escapes out nozzle, pushing against air and rocket body equally Pressure escapes out nozzle, pushing against air and rocket body equally - Reaction: Rocket moves forward, as gasses move backwards

4. Equal pressure in all directions Nozzle Gasses Rocket Solid Fuel Burning fuel Producing hot gasses Hot gasses escaping ActionReaction Pascal’s Principle

6. More on Solid Fuel Rockets

7. Liquid Fuel Rocks Work on same basic Principles as solid fuel Carry liquid fuel and oxygen Unlike solid fuel, liquid fuel can be regulated to control thrust

8. …Liquid Fuel NASA Rocket Engine Test

9. Space Shuttle: Solid and Liquid Fuel Rockets Solid Fuel Rocket Boosters Liquid Fuel and Oxygen tank Feeding Engines

11. Our Water Rockets Instead of hot gasses creating pressure, we use a bike pump and store pressure Instead of hot gasses creating pressure, we use a bike pump and store pressure Action: Expelling water from engine bottle. (water is forced down) Reaction: Water resisting against rocket body. (Rocket is forced up) (Rocket is forced up)

12. Water Rockets Work Like Real Rockets High Air pressure is transmitted equally in all directions and parts of the fluid. Water forced out and down by air pressure Action: Reaction: Bottle forced up by water being expelled down

13. Other factors that make the Water Bottle Rocket Fly Compressed Air + Water

14. When you pull the pin on the launch pad, and the latch holding your rocket to the launch pad pulls back, no force will be holding that rocket down! The unbalanced force of the High air pressure inside of your rocket will instantly rush out of the rocket nozzle pushing your rocket into the sky! Mother Nature doesn't like it when things aren't equal!

15. Newton's 3 Laws Explains Everything Newton's 3 Laws of Motion #1An object will stay at rest unless a force acts upon it. #2Force = Mass x Acceleration #3For every action there is an equal an opposite reaction.

16. How Newton's Laws Affect Our Rockets Newton's First Law When you pressurize your rocket and compress all of that air into your rocket engine, the force of the launch pad latch equals the force of the compressed air. Your rocket is resting, it will go now where.

17. Newton's Second Law This law tells you how much force (push) is going to come out of your rocket nozzle. The air is the accelerant, the water is the mass. You are limited to a 2000 ml volume rocket engine (a 2 liter pop bottle).What ratio of compressed air (limited to 65 psi) and water (your choice) will produce the most force? About half the bottle full of water 100Mls Too much mass = too much inertia No mass = nothing to push off of

18. Newton's Third Law When you pull the pin, that area of High Air Pressure in the top of your rocket engine is going to force, throw, hurl, spew that "massive" water out the bottom of your rocket at a great speed. That water and air is pushing down, so your rocket must go up.

19. Stability During Flight Center of GravityCenter of Pressure The orientation of fins and distribution of mass help make the rocket stable.

20. Center of Gravity

21. Stability During Flight…. Think about a dart…. Fins or feathers in the rear act like wind veins and trail behind Heavy mass made of metal in front carries the momentum

22. Lesson by Mr. Alex Sowyrda Cooperating Teacher: Mr. Robert Jones Kenney Middle School 7th Grade Technology Hannibal, NY Sept – Oct 2004 http://www.hannibal.cnyric.org/TeacherWe bs/Rjones/rockets/PowerPoint/Rocketry_fil es/frame.htmhttp://www.hannibal.cnyric.org/TeacherWe bs/Rjones/rockets/PowerPoint/Rocketry_fil es/frame.htm