1. SLIDE 1 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company PIV applications Presentation of a select range of PIV applications. Historic review of measurements then and now.

2. SLIDE 2 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Aerospace Aircraft model aerodynamics Wing design (drag & lift) Trailing vortices Helicopter rotor design Super sonic flows Gas turbine fuel injection & cooling Flight cabin ventilation Validation of CFD models # 33356

3. SLIDE 3 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Automotive Car body aerodynamics Air flows in passenger compartments Engine compartment flows Engine combustion

4. SLIDE 4 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Bio-medical and bio-technology  Artificial hearts  Hart-valve function  Blood flows  Medicine inhalers Micro fluidics Flow in biological valve, Prof. Roberto Zenit UNAM, Mexico City

5. SLIDE 5 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Combustion Diagnostics Fuel injection Air/fuel mixing Combustion efficiency Cooling efficiency Rocket engineering Flame research

6. SLIDE 6 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Sedimentation & particle transport Wave dynamics Mass transport Earth science & environmental protection

7. SLIDE 7 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Fundamental fluid dynamics research  Turbulence research  Boundary layers  Fluid-structure interactions  Vortex evolution  Heat transfer studies  Super sonic flows  CFD code validation

8. SLIDE 8 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Hydraulics & hydrodynamics Ship hull design (hydrodynamics) Propulsion efficiency Pipe & channel flows Flows in pumps Cavitation prevention (propellers) Cooling performance

9. SLIDE 9 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Mixing processes  Research in mixing processes  Flow in industrial mixers  Micro mixers

10. SLIDE 10 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Process and chemical engineering Cyclone separators Heat exchangers Liquid metal flows (moulds)

11. SLIDE 11 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Data presentation from select applications

12. SLIDE 12 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Stimulated air jet Ø30 air jet stimulated by a loud speaker Velocity: ~2.7 m/s Lens: 60mm/#F2.8 S=500mm (Distance between light sheet and lens) 2-3µm oil droplet seeding Field of view: 82x103 mm at 1024x1280 pixel Fan Loud speaker Grid Jet

13. SLIDE 13 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Jet flow without stimulation RMS of the v- velocity component Vorticity based on 250 Hz PIV Strong reflection

14. SLIDE 14 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Flow with 45 Hz stimulation

15. SLIDE 15 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company RMS V - velocity component RMS v - flow with 45 Hz stimulation RMS v - flow without stimulation

16. SLIDE 16 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company PIV testing at HSVA Towing tank, Germany Rudder PIV system Camera Laser

17. SLIDE 17 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company HSVA Towing tank measurement Tracking the vortex from a rudder

18. SLIDE 18 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Travelling of the tip vortex

19. SLIDE 19 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company PIV in towing tank moving with carriage

20. SLIDE 20 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company The professional presentation makes it look simple

21. SLIDE 21 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company PIV under a microscope Pump Microscope Lens, High NA Microfluidic device Inlet Outlet Ocular 12 bit Interline Cooled CCD Camera Max ~5 mJ Lamp Filter cube Epi-fluorescent Prism Flow + Tracing Particles = 532 nm = 560 nm Waste Relay lens Beam splitter Optics for lamp / fiber Nd: YAG Laser Optical fiber

22. SLIDE 22 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Micro channel Experiments 30  m x z x y 300  m Top View Side View Measurement Area

23. SLIDE 23 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Micro channel Flow (x - z plane) Courtesy: Meinhart et. Al.

24. SLIDE 24 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Results at X63 measurement Measurement area

25. SLIDE 25 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Results at X63 measurement Magnification X63 (X0.5) = X31.5 Time between laser pulses 200 µs Measurement volume 14 x 14 x 8 µm Vectors spaced 3.4 µm

26. SLIDE 26 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Micro PIV mixing Time resolved

27. SLIDE 27 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Rotating disk experiment

28. SLIDE 28 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Some times a Cartesian grid does not suffice

29. SLIDE 29 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Some experiments makes you wonder

30. SLIDE 30 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Shadow Sizing Spatial distribution, cumulative histogram and table for data analysis Spray analysis

31. SLIDE 31 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Shadow Sizing of bubbly flow

32. SLIDE 32 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Flow-Structure interaction Flow-Structure solid interaction has been research topic for many years. Areas of application include: -Aero-elasticity -Bridge design -Building design -Micro air vehicle Measurement of deformation of and flow behind a flexible winglet. -Flow Measured with TR-PIV -Deformation measured with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) -DIC is a optical technique for Time Resolved (TR-DIC) measurement of 3-D deformation and strain

33. SLIDE 33 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Flexible wing and it’s influence on flow Optical measurements of real time Deformation of a Flexible Wing and the associated Flow behind a flexible wing. The wing has one spare and 4 ribs over which is latex membrane is mounted with adhesive (5.7x3) Curtsey Mr. Ryan Wallace and Prof. Mark Glauser of Syracuse University

34. SLIDE 34 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Wing layout and area of investigation Image of full wing, placed in wind tunnel. Flow 14 m/s angle of attack 4 deg Flow field measured by TR-PIV Temporal resolution on TR-DIC and TR-PIV measurements: 1 ms (1kHz)

35. SLIDE 35 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company TR-DIC measurements on wing

36. SLIDE 36 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Point spectral information Z-displacement spectral in formation from a point

37. SLIDE 37 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company TR-PIV Flow measurements behind wing Flow field behind wing and associated spectrum

38. SLIDE 38 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Comparison of frequency contents between Structure and Flow

39. SLIDE 39 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company A closer look at the PIV data from behind the flexible wing

40. SLIDE 40 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Flow measurements then and now Today we take many things for granted How have we advanced? Let’s have a quick review

41. SLIDE 41 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company 1981 LDA underwater measurements PIV underwater measurements Maritime research, Propellers in towing tanks

42. SLIDE 42 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Airborne studies 1977 Hotwire in-flight measurements at high altitude and speed Airborne LDA measurements Combustion in Micro-gravity with a PIV system onboard

43. SLIDE 43 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Understanding tip vortices in details with PIV measurements in water Wingtip vortices, then and now x/b=6.8 0.2 nm K. & C. Huenecke, Airbus x/b=30.0 0.9 nm x/b=63.0 2.0 nm 1962 CTA measurements in open air, waiting for the fly-by of the aircraft

44. SLIDE 44 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company On the way to micro applications 1965 CTA in a “microfluidic” bi-stable fluid amplifier Flow Discharge Vectoring using a Miniature Fluidic Actuator mapped with PIV

45. SLIDE 45 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company When it gets bloody ! 1970 CTA built into a hypodermic needle, used in patients to verify results after operation Microscopic PIV in a 30 x 100 µm wide channel with real human blood wall 100 µm wide 30 µm deep

46. SLIDE 46 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Thermodynamics in combustion 1956 The PV indicator revolutionized combustion understanding. Now, the thermodynamic work was online ! LIF measurement in an engine at different crank angles Result: PV diagram for all crank angles Modern day developments requires much more detail and advanced imaging

47. SLIDE 47 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company We can see it - quantification of bubbles with advanced image processing 1967 Investigation of a hot film and bubble interaction Quantification of bubbles with shadow sizing techniques

48. SLIDE 48 | Kim D. Jensen| USP March 2013 A Nova Instruments company Jet flow still the same 30 years later ? 1971 First commercial LDA investigated by F. Durst and J. Whitelaw 2001 First commercial Time Resolved PIV system based on fast powerful Nd:Yag lasers 1971: 5 mWatt laser 2001: 50 Watt laser & more information