1. Sherif Akoush 2 June 2008 Renewable Energy and Data Centres

2. Quotes (Global Warming) “Eleven of the last twelve years (1995-2006) rank among the twelve warmest years” “... is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations” “...many natural systems are being affected by regional climate changes” IPCC 4th Assessment Report, 2007 “‘four degree world’ spells potential disaster” World Development Movement - Two degrees of separation, November 2007

3. Quotes (IT Power Consumption) “ICT industry produces 2% of global CO2 emissions” “23% out of it from data centres” Gartner - Gartner's Data Centre Summit 2007, 22-24 October, London "About 10% of the UK's total energy consumption currently relates to power running through IT equipment“ Richard Barrington, head of Public Policy for Sun UK and Ireland and UK government advisor - ICT Forum Wales 2007 “Servers operate most of the time at between 10 and 50 percent of their maximum utilization levels” Google - The Case for Energy-Proportional Computing, December 2007 “It is estimated that 40% to 70% of the operating costs for a data center are power and cooling” Dell – VMWorld 2007

4. Quotes (IT Going Green) “BT currently uses over 0.7% of the UK's electricity consumption” “Over the next 9 years (2016), we plan to build wind farms that will yield 25% of BT's electricity needs.” BT “Our goal is to produce ONE GW of renewable energy capacity that is cheaper than coal.” 1.6 MW solar power to provide 30% of Google's peak electricity demand in Mountain View headquarter Google Microsoft Unveils Wind Powered Virtual Earth 3D Data Lab in Colorado Microsoft

5. What Percentage of Energy Actually Does Productive Work?

6. Quotes Summary Green = = Less Cost Efficient Computing

7. Outline Wind Power Mobile Data Centres Cloud Computing A Simulator

8. Wind Power Renewable and Clean Available Widely 94.1 GW Worldwide 2.3 GW UK 72 TW Theoretical potential Onshore or Offshore Wind Turbine 100 ~110 m Rotor Diameter 80 ~ 100 m Hub Height 1.5 ~ 3.6 MW Wind Intermittency Problem

9. One Site – Northern Scotland Northern Scotland Site 9.9 m/s Yearly Wind Speed Average* 1 1.5 MW GE Wind Turbine 825 KWh year 2006 Not Constant 285.1 KWh Standard Deviation * Met Office - MIDAS Land Surface Station Data

10. One Site – Northern Scotland

11. 19 Sites – Across UK 19 Sites Geographically Disperse Based on High Average Wind Speed One 1.5 MW GE Wind Turbine 11.1 MWh Year 2006 584.5 KWh Per Site Constant? 86.6 KWh Standard Deviation

12. 19 Sites – Across UK

13. Job Migration Move Jobs Near Power Virtualization XenMotion Live Migration 100-150ms VMWare VMotion Suspend/Resume Assume 150 Wh per job Initial Energy 12.8 MWh

14. Sustainability in the Year 2006 Excess in Power Generated 40% of Year 2006

15. Data Centres in a Box Data Centre in Standard Shipping Containers Very High-density Computing 250 Systems in 20 feet Shipping Container Commercial Examples IBM Scalable modular data center Rackable ICE Cube™ Modular Data Center Sun Modular Datacenter S20 (project Blackbox) Dell Insight Verari Forest Container Solution Connect Power, Chilled Water, Networking Virtually Deployed Anywhere Scalable

16. Data Centres in a Box Sun Modular Data Centers Pictures

17. Cloud Computing Massive Network of “Cloud Servers“ Virtualization to Maximize Computing Power Per Server No Need to Install Software and Manually Setup Systems Clicks to Add/Remove Systems Pay Only for What You Use Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) (infrastructure provider) www.amazon.com/ec2 Simple Storage Service (S3) SimpleDB Google App Engine (framework provider) Web Applications - Python Automatic Scaling

18. Amazon Trial Load Optimizer 1 Requests SLA Requirements (Max – Min) -NB Requests -Response Time S3 (storage service) VM Disk image Running VM Apache+CGI Running VM Apache+CGI Running VM Apache+CGI Running VM Apache+CGI......

19. System Architecture Optimizer (transition cost) Measurements (Power/Performance) SLA (New?) Power Models Workload Models Actions: Suspend Migrate Add/Remove

20. A Simulator Energy Supply Wind Solar Coal Temperature? Work Load Demand Request/Response Long Lived Connections Infrastructure Network Bandwidth End to End Latency End to End Performance Measurements

21. Wind + Solar 5/1/2007 00:00 AM

22. Wind + Solar 5/1/2007 06:00 AM

23. Wind + Solar 5/1/2007 12:00 PM

24. Wind + Solar 5/1/2007 6:00 PM

25. Clouds 5/1/2007 6:00 PM

26. Questions

27. Sherif.Akoush@cl.cam.ac.uk Thank You