1. Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land and other Natural Resources Initiative Paul Munro-Faure, Principal Officer, Climate, Energy and Tenure Division, FAO

2. Growing Pressure on Natural Resources Further, but uneven population growth. Urbanization, and changing food production, distribution and consumption. Increased mobility of goods, capital and labour in countries and across borders. Climate change. Increasing demands on agriculture to provide food and energy resources.

3. Importance of Tenure Access to land and natural resources and the security of tenure form the foundation for: – Food security – Social stability – Economic growth – Poverty Reduction

4. Importance of Governance of Tenure Problems in governance cause: Weak frameworks and institutions. Low capacities, incentives and motivation.  Weak governance of land and natural resources can undermine all development  Affects mainly the poor - vulnerable

5. The Global Corruption Barometer 2009; Transparency International > 73 000 people 69 countries Questions about corruption in the land sector

6. The Global Corruption Barometer 2009; Transparency International Approx. 15% of the people who contacted land authorities in the previous 12 months reported paying a bribe 14 % of respondents in lowest income level quartile had paid a bribe. 9 % of highest income level quartile had paid a bribe.

7. The Global Corruption Barometer 2009; Transparency International Actual experience of paying bribes in any form with land services (buying, selling, inheriting, renting) is significant. Perception of the payment of bribes to obtain favourable decisions from land authorities is commonplace to varying degrees. These actual experiences and perceptions exist to a greater or lesser degree in almost all countries, and in all regions. Half of respondents in high- income countries consider bribery in land management to be serious, almost 8 in 10 in low-income countries held this view.

8. Building from: –Right to Food Voluntary Guidelines –International Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ICARRD) process Helping countries to improve the governance of tenure of land and other natural resources. Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land and other Natural Resources Initiative

9. FAO Voluntary Guidelines

10. Set out principles and standards. Provide a framework for policies, legislation and programmes. Do not establish legally binding obligations. Do not replace existing national or international laws, treaties or agreements.

11. FAO; Knowledge Center in Tenure Technical Advisory in all FAO regions, for example: –China PRC; Farmland security of tenure and land registration with the World Bank. –Ethiopia; Responding to request to advise on matters of large scale land acquisition. –Kyrgyz Republic; Cooperation with the World Bank supporting self-financing, corruption free, land administration.

12. FAO ; Normative Resource in Tenure Recognized major technical publications in all FAO languages –Land administration –Good Governance –Post Violent Conflicts –Land Consolidation –Disaster Risk Management –Compulsory Purchase and Compensation –Gender, Indigenous, Tenure Regular normative partners include IFAD, WB, HABITAT, GTZ and UNDP.

13. FAO’s Planning Framework for 2010-13 Strategic Objective F - Sustainable management of land... Organizational result F4 –An international framework... for responsible governance of... tenure of land and... with other natural resources... –Support for the development of consensus on voluntary guidelines...

14. Funding for Preparation Donors (Germany, IFAD, Finland) –Total USD 4,7 million for 2009 - 2012 FAO regular program Growing partnership

15. Partners to Voluntary Guidelines

16. Consultations on Requirements 2009 - 2010 –10 regional meetings –4 small civil society meetings –1 civil society review meeting –1 private sector meeting –e-Consultation(s)

17. Consultation Schedule 2010 25-26 January, Private sector, London, UK 22-24 March, Europe, Bucharest, Romania 02-04 May, Near East and North Africa, Amman, Jordan May, South America, Brazil May, Francophone Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso June, Caucasus and Central Asia, Bishkek, Kyrgyz R. June/July, Asia Pacific, Fiji June/July, Central America and Caribbean, Panama September, East Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

18. Assessments Published

19. FAO Member Countries Drafting and Review 2010 –Report to Committee on World Food Security (CFS) –Preparation 2011 –Drafting? –Negotiation? –CFS?

20. Implementation 2012 onwards – Implementation - following the example of other FAO Voluntary Guidelines and Codes of Conduct