1. Not Drowning But Waving - Surfing The European Barley Gene Pool Dirk Enneking Genebank Department, Institute for Plant Genetics and Cultivated Plants Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany, enneking@ipk-gatersleben.de http://barley.ipk-gatersleben.de This project is supported by the European Commission under Regulation (EC) 1467/94 on the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture. Citation:Enneking, D. (2000). Not drowning but waving - surfing the European barley genepool. Proc. 8th International Barley Genetics Symposium, in Adelaide Australia, pp. 11-12. No. II, Contributed Papers. References: Arias, G.; Reiner, A.; Penger, A., and Mangstl, A. (1983). Directory of Barley cultivars and lines. Freising: CYMMIT & Technical University Munich. Baum, B. R.; Bailey, L. G., and Thompson, B. K. (1985). Barley register. Canada Governm. Publ. Centre. Cat. No. A53-1783/1985. Baumer, M. and Cais, R. (2000). Abstammung der Gerstensorten. Freising: Bayerische Landesanstalt für Bodenkultur und Pflanzenbau. http://www.stmelf.bayern.de/lbp/forsch/pz/gerstenstamm.pdf Current developments Data contributed to EBDB from individual collections is being uniformily coded (Multi-crop descriptors, IPGRI/FAO Institude codes, barley descriptors) This information is being communicated back to data donors; interfacing native codes with standardised format, thus providing ready conversion routines for future updates and/or dynamic linking. Extension of EBDB to link with databases outside of Europe was advocated by Knuepffer and Lopez (1997) to aid the indentification of unique germplasm accessions and to reduce redundancy in collections. IGDEU146USA004ALTERID2ALTERID3ALTERID4 16867H Hor 3368/65PI 327741PI 327741H Hor 3368/65VIR 13885 16868H Hor 3369/65PI 327742PI 327742H Hor 3369/65VIR 13898 16869H Hor 3370/65PI 327743PI 327743H Hor 3370/65VIR 13909 16870H Hor 3372/65PI 327745PI 327745H Hor 3372/65VIR 13911 16871H Hor 3373/65PI 327746PI 327746H Hor 3373/65VIR 13912 16872H Hor 3374/65PI 327747PI 327747H Hor 3374/65VIR 13914 16873H Hor 3375/65PI 327748PI 327748H Hor 3375/65VIR 13916 16874H Hor 3376/65PI 327749PI 327749H Hor 3376/65VIR 13918 16875H Hor 3377/65PI 327750PI 327750H Hor 3377/65VIR 13952 16876H Hor 3378/65PI 327751PI 327751H Hor 3378/65VIR 13953 16877H Hor 3379/65PI 327752PI 327752H Hor 3379/65VIR 13959 16878H Hor 3380/65PI 327753PI 327753H Hor 3380/65VIR 14004 16879H Hor 3381/65PI 327754PI 327754H Hor 3381/65VIR 14015 16880H Hor 3392/65PI 327755PI 327755H Hor 3392/65VIR 13792 16881H Hor 3393/65PI 327756PI 327756H Hor 3393/65VIR 13859 16882H Hor 3394/65PI 327757PI 327757H Hor 3394/65VIR 13814 16883H Hor 3395/65PI 327758PI 327758H Hor 3395/65VIR 13820 16884H Hor 3396/65PI 327759PI 327759H Hor 3396/65VIR 13822 16885H Hor 3397/65PI 327760PI 327760H Hor 3397/65VIR 13824 16886H Hor 3398/65PI 327761PI 327761H Hor 3398/65VIR 13825 16887H Hor 3399/65PI 327762PI 327762H Hor 3399/65VIR 13826 16888H Hor 3400/65PI 327763PI 327763H Hor 3400/65VIR 13827 16889H Hor 3401/65PI 327764PI 327764H Hor 3401/65VIR 13829 16890H Hor 3402/65PI 327765PI 327765H Hor 3402/65VIR 13845 16891H Hor 3403/65PI 327766PI 327766H Hor 3403/65VIR 13844 16892H Hor 3404/65PI 327767PI 327767H Hor 3404/65VIR 13843 16893H Hor 3405/65PI 327768PI 327768H Hor 3405/65VIR 13846 16894H Hor 3406/65PI 327769PI 327769H Hor 3406/65VIR 13830 16895H Hor 3407/65PI 327770PI 327770H Hor 3407/65VIR 13831 16896H Hor 3409/65PI 327771PI 327771H Hor 3409/65VIR 13839 16897H Hor 3410/65PI 327772PI 327772H Hor 3410/65VIR 13840 16898H Hor 3411/65PI 327773PI 327773H Hor 3411/65VIR 13841 16899H Hor 3413/65PI 327774PI 327774H Hor 3413/65VIR 13849 16900H Hor 3414/65PI 327775PI 327775H Hor 3414/65VIR 13851 16901H Hor 3415/65PI 327776PI 327776H Hor 3415/65VIR 13852 16902H Hor 3416/65PI 327777PI 327777H Hor 3416/65VIR 13853 16903H Hor 3417/65PI 327778PI 327778H Hor 3417/65VIR 13854 16904H Hor 3428/65PI 327779PI 327779H Hor 3428/65VIR 13971 16905H Hor 3433/65PI 327780PI 327780H Hor 3433/65VIR 14030 16906H Hor 3434/65PI 327781PI 327781H Hor 3434/65VIR 14031 16907H Hor 3435/65PI 327782PI 327782H Hor 3435/65VIR 14059 16908H Hor 3436/65PI 327783PI 327783H Hor 3436/65VIR 14060 16909H Hor 3437/65PI 327784PI 327784H Hor 3437/65VIR 14061 16910H Hor 3438/65PI 327785PI 327785H Hor 3438/65VIR 14065 16911H Hor 3439/65PI 327786PI 327786H Hor 3439/65VIR 14066 16912H Hor 3440/65PI 327787PI 327787H Hor 3440/65VIR 14070 16914H Hor 3442/65PI 327788PI 327788H Hor 3442/65VIR 14073 16915H Hor 3444/65PI 327790PI 327790H Hor 3444/65VIR 14081 16916H Hor 3445/65PI 327791PI 327791H Hor 3445/65VIR 14082 16917H Hor 3446/65PI 327792PI 327792H Hor 3446/65VIR 14083 16918H Hor 3447/65PI 327793PI 327793H Hor 3447/65VIR 14119 16919H Hor 3448/65PI 327794PI 327794H Hor 3448/65VIR 14120 16920H Hor 3449/65PI 327795PI 327795H Hor 3449/65VIR 14122 16921H Hor 3450/65PI 327796PI 327796H Hor 3450/65VIR 14123 16923H Hor 3452/65PI 327798PI 327798H Hor 3452/65VIR 14136 16924H Hor 3453/65PI 327799PI 327799H Hor 3453/65VIR 13836 16925H Hor 3454/65PI 327800PI 327800H Hor 3454/65VIR 13837 16926H Hor 3455/65PI 327801PI 327801H Hor 3455/65VIR 13866 16927H Hor 3456/65PI 327802PI 327802H Hor 3456/65VIR 13877 16928H Hor 3457/65PI 327803PI 327803H Hor 3457/65VIR 13838 16931H Hor 3460/65PI 327806PI 327806H Hor 3460/65VIR 13893 16932H Hor 3461/65PI 327807PI 327807H Hor 3461/65VIR 13884 16933H Hor 3462/65PI 327808PI 327808H Hor 3462/65VIR 13894 16934H Hor 3463/65PI 327809PI 327809H Hor 3463/65VIR 13973 16935H Hor 3464/65PI 327810PI 327810H Hor 3464/65VIR 13976 17343H Hor 4390PI 345623PI 345623K-19690H Hor 4390 17522A Hor 6731CI 15257CI 15257VIR 18838A Hor 6731 18557A Hor 156/58PI 327989PI 327989A Hor 156/58TOKUJI 18558A Hor 158/58PI 327991PI 327991A Hor 158/58WASE HADAKA 18686A Hor 348/58PI 328136PI 328136A Hor 348/58TOKUJI 19049A Hor 1174/61PI 328522PI 328522TIROLER LANDGERSTE 19114A Hor 1271/61PI 328588PI 328588A Hor 1271/61PAK 30710 19207A Hor 1458/58PI 328687PI 328687A Hor 1458/58PAK 30711 19604H Hor 2445/59PI 329127PI 329127H Hor 2445/59VIR 10467 19606H Hor 2448/59PI 329130PI 329130H Hor 2448/59VIR 14610 19644A Hor 1454/58PI 331862PI 331862A Hor 1454/58PAK 30712 19657A Hor 1852/61PI 331896PI 331896A Hor 1852/61PAK 30713 19695H Hor 3215/58PI 331976PI 331976H Hor 3215/58VIR 15240 19725A Hor 7997PI 342055PI 3420552321A Hor 7997 19790A Hor 8070PI 342136PI 3421362404A Hor 8070 20937H Hor 3311PI 369728PI 369728VIR 16889H Hor 3311 20939H Hor 4352PI 369730PI 369730VIR 17222H Hor 4352 20941A Hor 3913PI 369732PI 369732VIR 18333A Hor 3913 20942H Hor 3308PI 369733PI 369733VIR 19189H Hor 3308 20943A Hor 4491PI 369734PI 369734VIR 19928A Hor 4491 20947H Hor 4356PI 369738PI 369738VIR 15619H Hor 4356 20949H Hor 3238PI 369740PI 369740VIR 16639H Hor 3238 20950H Hor 4378PI 369741PI 369741VIR 16928H Hor 4378 20953H Hor 18211PI 369744PI 369744VIR 18211H Hor 18211 20954A Hor 3915PI 369745PI 369745VIR 18331A Hor 3915 20956H Hor 4441PI 369747PI 369747VIR 19790H Hor 4441 21671A Hor 3922PI 372076PI 372076VIR 734A Hor 3922 21680A Hor 7465PI 372085PI 372085VIR 18329A Hor 7465 21683A Hor 3917PI 372088PI 372088VIR 18467A Hor 3917 21686A Hor 3310PI 372091PI 372091VIR 19355A Hor 3310 21687A Hor 4492PI 372092PI 372092VIR 19827A Hor 4492 21690A Hor 4423PI 372095PI 372095VIR 19934A Hor 4423 21693H Hor 3227PI 372098PI 372098VIR 13248H Hor 3227 21694H Hor 3492PI 372099PI 372099VIR 16924H Hor 3492 21696H Hor 3072PI 372101PI 372101VIR 17845H Hor 3072 21699H Hor 3230PI 372104PI 372104VIR 19191H Hor 3230 21700H Hor 3318PI 372105PI 372105VIR 19330H Hor 3318 21702H Hor 4442PI 372107PI 372107VIR 19933H Hor 4442 21760A Hor 7868PI 382187PI 382187A Hor 7868Ethiopia 20.3 21761A Hor 7869PI 382188PI 382188A Hor 7869Ethiopia 28.1 21763A Hor 7870PI 382190PI 382190A Hor 7870Ethiopia 28.3 21767A Hor 7871PI 382194PI 382194A Hor 7871Ethiopia 35.4 21770A Hor 7872PI 382197PI 382197A Hor 7872Ethiopia 36.3 21774A Hor 7873PI 382201PI 382201A Hor 7873Ethiopia 37.6 21776A Hor 7874PI 382203PI 382203A Hor 7874Ethiopia 38.14 Links to USA029 and SYR002 have already been generated from donor and synonymous Ids in EBDB. These lists of corresponding synonyms can be considered the boot- or octopus straps (sticky tails if you are a molecular biologist) with which a global information system can be knitted together. The proposed strategy is to link EBDB to off-shore databases and/or include documentation in the database. The map below shows the distribution of barley accessions documented with geographic co-ordinates in the EBDB at ICARDA The global ex situ barley gene pool, is estimated at 400.000 accessions). 34 collections hold more than 2000 accessions. The following pie chart represents, 75% of this sum ( ca. 300.000 accessions) Introduction 28 partners from 12 European countries (AUT(1), BEL(1), DEU(9), DNK(4), ESP(1), FIN(1), FRA(2), GBR(2), GRC(1), ITA(2), NLD(1), SWE(3)) are joining their efforts and expertise to improve the utilisation of barley genetic resources in Europe Main features of the project are: Multiplication and characterisation Documentation Standardised multiple site evaluations for resistance against biotic and abiotic stress factors, with major emphasis on the barley core collection (BCC) Improved utilisation of genetic resources Sorting and rationalising the collections Diffusion of the results coupled to the development of an information system for barley genetic resources in Europe (extension of EBDB functionality) IPK is responsible for project co-ordination and documentation. The functionality of the European barley database (EBDB) is being extended through inclusion of evaluation data and links to off-shore information EBDB was developed by Knüpffer et al.. (1983-1999). It can be accessed via http://www.dainet.de/eccdb/barley/de/eccdb/barley/de/eccdb/barley/ In 1983 the original stated aims for EBDB were: The complete documentation of European barley collections with respect to passport and characterisation data using standard IBPGR descriptor list The registration of these data in computer data bases Free and effective inter-genebank exchange and their clients Detection of replicated accessions Rationalisation of collections by agreement between participating genebanks with consequent elimination of potential waste of resources in storage, multiplication, characterisation and evaluation of redundant accessions Detection of gaps in the representation of barley germplasm under threat of erosion Rational planning of further collecting. Since 1997 this compilation documents ca. 90.000 accessions conserved in 29 European gene banks. This represents almost a quarter of the global ex situ barley gene pool This idea is further illustrated by the following brief comments on documentation of individual collections. RUS001 (VIR) collection: Integrated into EBDB, further detailed information about collection sites, donors and donor ID numbers are desirable. Published literature on evaluation of VIR barley accessions is considered the most cost-effective way to obtain evaluation data, since the raw data is currently only available from field books. DEU001 & DEU146 (BGRC, BAZ; IPK, HOR) collections: Both data sets are an integral part of EBDB. German evaluation data covering characterisation and evaluation during the period 1948 to the present are available. Numerous gene banks have received HOR accessions. HOR linkage provides added value and has been generated. USA029 (USDA): Major off-shore donor. Accessions from USDA are present in virtually every genebank. A list of 5458 unique USDA accession Ids has been generated for a total of 6387 lines documented in EBDB. This allows access to GRIN data (passports, characterisation, evaluation) which is readily available either through a WWW interface or in the pcGRIN barley packages. SYR002 (ICARDA) collection: ICARDA (1995 data) has documented 2993 HOR 16108 USDA accessions. The corresponding IG numbers provide an informative link to the information generated through evaluation in the ICARDA network. The International Crop Information System (ICIS, CYMMIT, CGIAR centers; http://www.cgiar.org/icis/) uses the concept of global identifier (GID ) to tag unique accessions. Version 1.0 features the incipient International Barley Information System (IBIS) (S. Grando, ICARDA). The use of GIDs to generate up to 30 pedigree generations may be of particular interest to breeders. The data coverage comprises 28773 unique accessions (assigned GIDs). Interfacing these GIDs with accession Ids of individual collections, and assigment of GIDs to other unique accessions is needed. ICIS: GID it? To aid further compilations at the global level, the development of online registers for cultivar/pedigree/breeder/principal attribute data and standardisation of collection site information would be desirable. Compilations of information about barley breeding such as those published by Arias et al. (1983), Baum et al. (1985), Baumer and Cais (2000) provide detailed information, which is presently being integrated with EBDB. Tracking of the most original Id numbers (through feed back loops amongst databases/curators), standardisation of accession names (in reference to a cultivar register), assignment of GIDs and integration into IBIS, will pave the way towards a truly global inventory for barley genetic resources. In principle, the concepts outlined above are also applicable to the linking of overlap between complete collections, and to the compilation of a global system for the documentation of plant genetic resources. INSTCODEORGANIZATIONCITY_STATE AUS003Australian Winter Cereals Collec. Agricultural Research CentreTamworth NSW BRA003National Res. Center of Genetic Resources and BiotechnologyBrasilia DF BRA006Instituto Agronomico de Campinas Campinas, Sao Paulo CAN002Brandon Research Station Agriculture & Agri-Food CanadaBrandon, Manitoba CAN004Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res. Cen. Saskatoon Research CentreSaskatoon, Saskatchewan CAN005Departement de phytologie Universite LavalQuebec, Quebec CAN041Lethbridge Research Station Agriculture CanadaLethbridge, Alberta CHN001Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, CAASBeijing CYP004Agricultural Research Institute Plant Genetic Res. and HerbariumNicosia CZE047Agricultural Research Institute Kromeriz DEU001Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants(BAZ)Braunschweig DEU146Genebank, Inst. for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Gatersleben EGY002Field Crops Research Institute Agricultural Research Centre (ARC)Giza ETH001Plant Genetic Resources Centre Addis Ababa FRA040Station d'Amelioration des Plantes INRAClermont-Ferrand Cedex GBR011John Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkNorwich, Norfolk HUN003Institute for Agrobotany Tapioszele IND004Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi ISR003Lieberman Germplasm Bank, Tel-Aviv Univ.Tel-Aviv ISR004Institute of Evolution Haifa UniversityHaifa JPN003Nat. Inst. of Agrobio. ResourcesTsukuba-gun, Ibaraki-ken JPN108Okayama University Kurashiki LBY001Agricultural Research Centre Tripoli NLD037Center for Genetic Resoources The Netherlands (CGN)Wageningen PER002Universidad Nacional Agraria-La Molina.La Molina, Lima POL003Plant Breeding and Acclimatization InstituteBlonie, Radzikow POL020Plant Breeding Station Plant Breeding and Acclimat. Inst.Bakow near Kluczbork ROM002Genetic Resources Dep. - Research Inst. for Cereals and Ind. CropsFundulea, Judetul Calarasi RUS001N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant IndustrySt. Petersburg SWE001Dept. of Plant Breeding Research Swedish Univ. of Agric. SciencesSvalov SYR002Internat. Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry AreasAleppo UKR044Institute of Agroecology and BiotechnologyKiev USA029National Small Grains Research Facility, USDA-ARSAberdeen, Idaho