1. Performance engine preparation Improving reliability Connecting rods tensile loads reduce reciprocating weight improve fasteners aftermarket rods

2. Performance engine preparation Improving reliability Pistons light and strong.200” crown thickness end gaps with hypereutectic pistons coated piston skirts effects of increased clearance? more cam for less clearance

3. Performance engine preparation Improving reliability Rings frictional losses thin rings reduce friction Moly rings for less scuff and friction more end gap for second ring

4. Performance engine preparation Improving reliability Springs increased pressure increased strain on valve train parts friction dampers generate heat oil cools springs, but adds to consumption

5. Performance engine preparation Improving reliability Pushrods and rockers shafts are more stable than pivot balls pushrod guide plates stud girdles help stabilize rockers increased rocker ratios increase area under curve - also increase wear

6. Performance engine preparation Improving reliability OHC valve trains some have rocker ratios spring pressure much less than OHV

7. Performance engine preparation Improving reliability Oiling systems larger pan, windage tray, baffles high volume pumps to maintain pressure volume up 5x for 2x increase in clearance

8. Performance engine preparation Improving reliability Bearing properties corrosion resistance strength wear embedability conformability

9. Performance engine preparation Improving reliability Bearing materials Babbitt Conventional – poor strength Thin – poor conformability & embedability Sintered copper-tin-lead Poor corrosion resistance & wear Metal powders on steel backing

10. Performance engine preparation Improving reliability Bearing materials Cast copper-lead Heavy duty applications Excellent strength & corrosion Non-overplated aluminum Wear & corrosion - good Other properties good

11. Performance engine preparation Improving reliability Bearing materials Overplated aluminum Uses silicon for durability Used by OEMs