1. Chapter 86 Chapter 86 New Approaches to Osteoporosis Therapeutics Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2. FIGURE 86.1 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) as an anabolic agent for bone: a kinetic model. Anabolic window formed by PTH treatment resulting on an early stimulation of bone formation followed by later stimulation of bone resorption. (A) Treatment with PTH only, (B) combined treatment with PTH and bisphosphonate showing the expanded anabolic window. Source: adapted from Rubin, M. R. and Bilezikian, J. P. (2005). Parathyroid hormone as an anabolic skeletal therapy. Drugs 65(17), 2481–2498. 2

3. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 86.2 Schematic picture of Wnt pathway and antagonists. Source: Krishnan, V., Bryant, H. U., and Macdougald, O. A. (2006). Regulation of bone mass by Wnt signaling. J. Clin. Invest. 116(5), 1202–1209 [139]. 3