1. Ghetto’s In Canada?

2. Research Methods All of their statistical information comes from the 1991 and 2001 census They took the information from the census and did their own statistical analysis They use the “Johnson” method when defining what a Ghetto is

3. What they define a Ghetto to be 60% of the cities population made up of one minority group 70% of the cities population minority makes is an enclave

4. IMMIGRATION 1. Population of Asians, Africans, and Latinos has risen from 1.7% to 10.4% from 71’ to 01’ 2. Visible minority population rose from 4.7% to 13.4% from 71’ to 01’ 3. Largest amount of Chinese located in Vancouver 4. Largest amount of African population located in Toronto 5. Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal considered gateway cities

6. Evidence of Racial Division African homeownership rates are significantly lower than other races Immigrants more reliant on social housing, public transportation, and public schools Significant income differences between Ghetto and Suburban occupants According to the census minorities have clustered around major Ghetto area’s

7. Reason for Concentration Lack of assimilation into Canadian culture Racial discrimination in housing market Racial discrimination in labor market Lack of mobility Lack of social networks Low income housing located in low income Ghetto area’s

8. Ghetto’s have been known to have: –Higher crime rates –Lower school funding –Disproportionate # of minorities –Lower health care –Lack of employment opportunities –Lack of assimilation –Lower social networks –Higher concentrations of unemployment Consequences

9. Conclusion There is an increase and segregation among many minorities They do have less income They wouldn’t classify them as Ghetto’s yet because the amount of segregation isn’t as high as other industrialized nations

10. Discussion ?’s How do you think Ghetto’s effect nearby suburbs? Do you think concentration of poverty is bad? Is assimilation and education an effective tool to deconcentrate the poor? Do you think the government should be involved in deconcentration?