1. Cancer

2. What is cancer? Simply put, cancer is cell division that happens uncontrollably. If a cell does not receive a signal to stop dividing, unchecked growth could occur. Question: why could a cell NOT receive the signal to stop dividing? Unchecked growth could result in tumours.

4. Mutations cause irregular cell division They can be: Inherited Random Environmental Some examples?

5. Some tumours are cancerous: benign vs. malignant Benign Moderate rate of division Does not invade surrounding cells Does not spread Relatively harmless, unless it pushes on other cells Malignant Quick cell division (little time in interphase) Damages surrounding cells by invading them Can spread Interferes with functions of other cells  may result in death

6. Statistics Tobacco – 22% of all cancer deaths Obesity, alcohol, poor diet – 10% Genetic defects – 5-10% Infections, exposure to radiation, pollution

7. Statistics 2012 – 14.1 million new cancer cases 2012 – 8.2 million deaths (14.6 of all deaths) Males: lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach Females: breast, colorectal, lung, cervical Children: leukemia, brain

8. Prevention: what can we do to prevent cancer? Dietary and environmental? Medication? Vaccination? Other?

9. Prevention: what can we do to prevent cancer? Dietary and environmental?

10. Screening Effort to detect cancer after it has formed, but before any noticeable symptoms appear: Cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, skin cancer, oral cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer. Genetic testing

11. Cancer management Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Hormonal therapy Targeted therapy Palliative care

12. Lung cancer

13. Stomach cancer

14. Colorectal cancer

15. Prostate cancer

16. Breast cancer

17. Radiation therapy

18. Chemotherapy